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Solar cells convert sunlight into energy due to the photovoltaic effect. These cells are made from photovoltaic semiconductor materials. These semiconductor materials behave as insulators under normal conditions but become conductors of electricity when exposed to light.

The common types of solar cells are:

Monocrystalline solar cells which have high power output efficiency but are difficult to produce and expensive.

Polycrystalline solar cells which have a lower production cost and are therefore less expensive but they are less efficient due to inherent crystalline defects.

Amorphous solar cells ?which have lower production costs than the other 2 types mentioned above. However the power output efficiency is also the lowest amongst these three types of cells.

Solar energy is a clean and environment friendly way of generating power. The generation of solar power does not cause any pollution to the atmosphere. It also does not result in deforestation nor does it drain the earth of its natural resources.