See also: 1600s in Canada, other events of the 1610s, 1620s in Canada and the list of 'years in Canada'.

Events

• 1610-11: The English explorer Henry Hudson, in Dutch service, continues the fruitless search for a passage to Asia.
• 1610: Henry Hudson, in service of the Netherlands, explores the river named for him. Hudson explores Hudson Bay in spite of a mutinous crew. Manhattan Indians attack his ship. Mahican people make peaceful contact, and a lucrative fur trade begins.
• 1610: Etienne Brule lives among Huron and is first European to see Lakes Ontario, Huron and Superior.
• 1611: Champlain builds fur post at Montreal.
• 1613: In response to gunfire aimed at them, the Beothuk of Newfoundland kill 37 French fisherman. The French retaliate by arming the Micmac, traditional enemies of the Beothuk, and offering bounties for scalps. The Beothuk are soon virtually exterminated.
• 1613: Port Royal sacked by Samuel Argall and his pirates from Virginia.
• 1614: Franciscan Recollet friars arrive to convert the Indians.
• 1615: French Roman Catholic missionaries arrive in Canada.
• 1615: Champlain attacks Onondaga villages with the help of a Huron war party, this turning the Iroquois League against the French.
• 1616-20: Smallpox epidemic strikes New England tribes between Narragansett Bay and the Penobscot River.
• 1617: Louis Hebert, an apothecary who had stayed at Port Royal twice, brings his wife and children to Quebec, thus becoming the first true habitant (permanent settler supporting his family from the soil).