2S1 Gvozdika
Country of origin	USSR/Russia
Designation	Self-Propelled Howitzer
Configuration	Track
Manufacturer
Crew	4
Length	7.26 m
Width	2.85 m
Height	2.73 m
Weight	16 t
Ground clearance	0.4 m
Obstacle	0.7 m
Trench	2.75 m
Fording	Amphibious
Speed	60 km/h (road) 30 km/h (off-road)
Swim	4.5 km/h
Range	500 km
Primary armament	2A31 122-mm gun, based on the D30
Secondary armament:
Armour	20mm
Power plant	YaMZ-238N 300hp (220 kW) Diesel
NBC	Yes
Night	Infa-red

The 2S1 is a Russian 122-mm self-propelled howitzer that resembles the PT-76 but is essentially a version of the MT-LB APC. The correct Russian designation is SAU-122 but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as Gvozdika ("Carnation"). The 2S1 is fully amphibious with very little preparation, and once afloat is propelled by its tracks.

Production History

Entered service with the Soviet Army in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. Designated the M1974 the US Army. Manufactuered in Bulgarian, Polish and Russian state factories.

Variants

• IV12 / MT-LBus - Artillery Command and Reconnaissance vehicle
• IV13 / M1974-1 - deputy battery commander's vehicle
• IV14 / M1974-2A - battery commander's vehicle
• IV15 / M1974-2B - battalion commander's vehicle
• IV16 / M1974-3 - deputy battalion commander's vehicle
• IV21/22/23/24/25 - air defence management vehicles
• MT-LBus - Electronic Jamming vehicle
•  ? - "Dog Ear" radar vehicle
•  ? / M1979 - mine clearing vehicle
• RKhM - chemical reconnaissance vehicle
• Da1 - Nuclear/Bilogical/Chemical (NBC) Reconnaissance vehicle
• Zoopark-1 - artillery locating radar system

Operators

Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Finland (known as 122 Psh 74), Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Syria, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Yugoslavia

Combat History

Chechnya 1999 to 2000

Iraq

See also: List of artillery and List of AFVs