Abd-Er-Rahman Khan (Abd-al-Rahman) (1844-1901). He was an Emir of Afghanistan. Born in Kabul in 1844, the third son of Afzal Khan and the grandson of Dost Mohammed Khan; he supported his father's and uncle's rebellion against his younger uncle Shere Ali Khan after Dost Mohammed's death in 1863. He fled to Russian Turkestan after Shere Ali's victory in 1870; was welcomed by the governor, he stayed and studied the Russian administration; returned to Afghanistan to become Emir at the end of the Second Afghan War in 1880, was proclaimed Emir in Kabul on July 22, 1880 to great popular acclaim; pacified the country and forcefully re-established his authority; negotiated permanent boundary lines with Russia in 1887 and with British India in 1893. He died in Kabul on October 1, 1901. Vigorous, determined, and stern, Abd-Er-Rahman brought peace to Afghanistan, he proved an able and energetic administrator, and introduced many reforms and modernizations as well as fostering economic growth.