Absamat Masaliyevich Masaliyev (1933, Alysh , Soviet Union — July 31, 2004) was president of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic and the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan, both before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

He began studies at the Kyrgyz Mining Technical School in southern Kyrgyzstan in 1953. Three years later, he moved to the Moscow Mining Institute .

He started his career as a deputy chief engineer at Kyzyl-Kiya mine in the south of Kyrgyzstan.

In 1961, he became an instructor at the regional branch of the communist party in Osh. He worked his way up the ranks until he become first secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan in 1985. In 1990, in the first free elections ever to be held in Kyrgyzstan, he lost his power and was succeeded by Askar Akayev. Masaliyev held a seat in the lower house of the Kyrgyz Parliament from 1995 until his death of a heart attack in 2004.