Adolf Schärf (April 20, 1890, Mikulov — February 28, 1965, Vienna) was from 1957 to his death the president of the Republic of Austria. As an educated lawyer, he had been the secretary of the social democratic president of the Nationalrat during the years of the first republic (1918-1934) and served on the Bundesrat 1933-1934. After the fall of the Republic in 1934 and twice during the Nazi occupation, he served time as a political prisoner.

After World War II, he became the chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria and a member of the new Nationalrat. In 1955, he also took part in the Moscow negotiations for the Austrian Treaty . He became Vice Chancellor in 1956, before being elected president in 1957 and 1963.

|- | width="30%" align="center" | Preceded by:
Theodor Körner | width="40%" align="center" | President of Austria
1957–1967 | width="30%" align="center" | Succeeded by:
Franz Jonas |- | width="30%" align="center" | Prohibited 1934-1945 | width="40%" align="center" | SPÖ Party Chairman
1945–1957 | width="30%" align="center" rowspan="2"| Succeeded by:
Bruno Pittermann |- | width="30%" align="center" | Austria part of Nazi Germany
1938-1945 | width="40%" align="center" | Vice Chancellor of Austria
1945–1957 |- |}