Agnes Mary Clerke (February 10, 1842 - January 20, 1907) was an astronomer and writer, mainly in the field of astronomy. She was born at Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, and died in London.

She was interested in astromony from an early age, and had begun to write about it before the age of 15. In 1861 her family moved to Dublin, and in 1863 to Queenstown. Several years later she went to Italy where she stayed until 1877, chiefly at Florence, studying at the public library and preparing for literary work. In 1877 she settled in London.

Her first important article, Copernicus in Italy, was published in the Edinburgh Review in October 1877. She achieved a world-wide reputation in 1885, on the appearance of her exhaustive treatise, A Popular History of Astronomy in the Nineteenth Century. Clerke was not a practical astronomer, instead collating, interpreting and summarising the results of astronomical research. In 1888 she spent three months at the Cape Observatory as the guest of the director, Sir David Gill, and his wife, and there became sufficiently familiar with spectroscopic work to be enabled to write about this newer branch of the science with increased clearness and confidence.

In 1892 she was awarded the Actonian Prize of 100 guineas by the Royal Institution. As a member of the British Astronomical Association she attended its meetings regularly, as well as those of the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1903, with Lady Huggins , she was elected an honorary member of the Royal Astronomical Society, a rank previously held only by two other women, Caroline Herschel and Mary Somerville.

Bibliography

• A Popular History of Astronomy in the Nineteenth Century (1885, 4th revised ed., 1902)
• The System of the Stars (1890; 2nd ed., 1905)
• The Herschels and Modern Astronomy (1895)
• The Concise Knowledge Astronomy, in conjunction with J. E. Gore and A. Fowler (1898)
• Problems in Astrophysics (1903)
• Modern Cosmogonies (1906)

She also wrote 55 articles for the Edinburgh Review, mainly on subjects connected with astrophysics, and several articles for the Dictionary of National Biography, the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Catholic Encyclopedia, and several other periodicals.