Ahenobarbus ("brazen-bearded" or "red-haired") is the name of a plebeian Roman family of the gens Domitia. The name was derived from the red beard and hair by which many of the family were distinguished. Amongst its members the following may be mentioned:

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul 192 BC

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul 122 BC. As proconsul in 121 BC, successfully fought against the Allobroges, a Gaulic tribe, in retaliation for their attacks on Rome's Allies, the Aedui. Was subsequently elected Censor with Lucius Caeilius Metellus, and removed 32 members from the Senate. Father of the following.

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, son of the same named consul of 122 BC, tribune of the people 104 BC, brought forward a law (lex Domitia de Sacerdotiis) by which the priests of the superior colleges were to be elected by the people in the comitia tributa (seventeen of the tribes voting) instead of by co-optation; the law was repealed by Sulla, revived by Julius Caesar and (perhaps) again repealed by Mark Antony, the triumvir (Cicero, De Lege Agraria, ii. 7; Suetonius, Nero, 2). Ahenobarbus was elected pontifex maximus in 103 BC, consul in 96 BC and censor in 92 BC with Lucius Licinius Crassus the orator, with whom he was frequently at variance. They took joint action, however, in suppressing the recently established Latin rhetorical schools, which they regarded as injurious to public morality (Aulus Gellius xv. 11).

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul 94 BC

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, son of Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus cos 96 BC, husband of Porcia Catones the sister of Cato the younger, friend of Cicero and enemy of Julius Caesar, and a strong supporter of the aristocratical party. At first strongly opposed to Pompey, he afterwards sided with him against Caesar. He was consul in 54 BC, and in 49 he was appointed by the senate to succeed Caesar as governor of Gaul. After the outbreak of the civil war he commanded the Pompeian troops at Corfinium, but was obliged to surrender. Although treated with great generosity by Caesar, he stirred up Massilia (today's Marseille) to an unsuccessful resistance against him. After its surrender, he joined Pompey in Greece and was slain in the flight after the battle of Pharsalus, in which he commanded the right wing against Antony (Caesar, Bellum Civile, i., ii., iii.; Dio Cassius xxxix., xli.; Appian, B.C. ii. 82).

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, son of the above.

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus Lucius Domitius was the only child of the above and Aemilia Lepida. His mother was a paternal cousin to triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. His paternal grandmother was Porcia Catones.

He won an honorary triumph, by penetrating deeper into Germany, than anyone else before him. As a youngman he was a famous charioteer. Suetonius describes as 'arrogant, cruel, notorius and extravagant'.

Lucius held the office of aedile. As praetor and consul made knights marry women as if the ceremonies were pantomimes. He enjoyed presenting gladiatorial contests and wild animal hunts. In Augustus' will he was nominated to purchase his household possessions.

Lucius married Antonia Major, Augustus' niece. They had Domitia, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (below) and Domitia Lepida. Lucius died in AD 25.

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, son of the above.

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (Nero), fifth Roman Emperor and son of the above.

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