Andrey Karlov Lukanov (September 26 1938 October 2 1996) was a Bulgarian political figure.

Lukanov was born in Moscow, Russia to an exiled communist family. His mother was from a Jewish family. His grandfather was a victim of the purges of Joseph Stalin and was sent to prison.

Andrey Lukanov moved back to Bulgaria with his family as a child, when communists had taken over. His father, Karlo Lukanov , became an important figure in the party and served as foreign minister of Bulgaria from 1956 to 1961. Andrey became a member of the party in 1963 and began a career in the foreign service. He helped represent Bulgaria in the United Nations and Comecon. He rose through the ranks of the foreign service to become minister of foreign economic affairs in 1987. He resigned from this position in 1989 and took part in the overthrow of longtime leader Todor Zhivkov. Lukanov became a leading member of the reformist wing of the communist party, and served as Bulgaria's last communist prime minister, from February 3 1990 to December 7 1990.

Lukanov was charged with embezzlement in 1992 and arrested, but charges were soon dropped. During his time in the foreign service, Lukanov had gained connections with western businessmen such as Robert Maxwell and engaged in controversial business dealings. He is also sometimes held responsible for Bulgaria's foreign debt.

Lukanov remained an active political participant in the Bulgarian Socialist Party until his death. In 1995, he began criticizing varoius members whom he believed were not reformist enough and or had Stalinist tendencies.

Lukanov was assassinated outside his apartment building in Sofia, Bulgaria. He was shot in the head and chest by a lone gunmen who fled and was never captured. The motive for Lukanov's murder is not known, but a common theory is that he was killed by a hired assassin, probably paid for by a political or business enemy.