Animation refers to the technique in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.

Graphics file formats like GIF, MNG and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.

Overview

Animation studios

Animation studios of the past

• Bray Productions
• DePatie-Freleng Enterprises
• Filmation
• Fleischer Studio
• Grantray-Lawrence Animation
• Hanna-Barbera Productions (now Cartoon Network Studios)
• Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
• Rankin-Bass
• Soyuzmultfilm
• Termite Terrace, a/k/a Warner Bros. Cartoons (now known as Warner Brothers Animation)
• UPA
• Van Beuren Studios
• Walter Lantz Studio

Animation studios of the present era

Styles of animation

• Traditional animation
• Rotoscoping
• Computer animation
• Cutout animation
• Analog computer animation
• Motion capture
• Stop-motion animation
  • claymation
  • Pixilation
  • Puppet animation
• Limited animation
• Pinscreen animation
• Drawn on film animation

See also: Animated series, Anime (Japanese animation), List of movie genres

Techniques

• Character animation
• Special effects animation
• Onion skinning
• Cel shading

External links

• The Animation Department of the National Film and Television School UK
• Animation Nation - a forum for professional animators
• Chronology of Animation
• Animation links collection
• Zagreb Film
• SAF, Čakovec school of animation
• Animation Directory
• Don Markenstein's Toonopedia
• Big Cartoon Database
• Golden Age of Cartoons