Arsenal VG 33
Description
Role	Interceptor-fighter
Crew	1
First flight	25 April 1939
Entered service
Manufacturer	Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques (SNCA)
Dimensions
Length	8.55 m
Wingspan	10.8 m
Height	3.35
Wing area	14 m²
Weights
Empty	2050 kg
Loaded	2656 kg
Maximum takeoff	2900
Powerplant
Engine	1 Hispano-Suiza HS-12Y-31
Power	632 kW
Performance
Maximum speed	558 km/h to 5.2 km
Combat range	1200 km
Ferry range
Service ceiling	11 km
Rate of climb	770 m/min to 3 km
Armament
Guns	one 20 mm Hispano-Suiza HS-404 four MAC M-39 7.5 mm
Bombs

The Arsenal VG 33 was a fast light fighter which arrived too late to see service in the Armée de l'Air during the Battle of France. While somewhat underarmed compared to the Messerschmitt Bf 109, the VG-33 matched it in speed and maneuverability, and was somewhat faster than the Dewoitine D.520. In larger quantities, this plane could have shown the Luftwaffe a rough time, but as was the case for most French planes, production problems plagued the VG-33 such that only 160 aircraft were close to completion before the Armistice, with just 19 of 44 produced actually taken on by the Armée de l'Air.

The original specification that led to the VG series was offered in 1936 in order to quickly raise the number of modern aircraft in French service, by supplying a "light fighter" of wooden construction that could be built rapidly in large numbers. The contract resulted in three designs, the VG-30, the Caudron C.714 and the Bloch MB-700 . Prototypes of all three were ordered.

Named for engineer Vernisse (V) and designer Jean Gaultier (G), the VG-30 was all wooden in construction, using plywood over stringers in a semi-monocoque construction. The layout was conventional, a low-wing monoplane that bore a striking resemblance to the later Italian Macchi C.202. Armament consisted of a 20 mm Hispano-Suiza 404 cannon firing through the propeller hub, and four 7.5 mm MAC 1934 M39 drum-fed machine guns, two in each wing. The design was supposed to be powered by the Potez 12 Dc flat-12 air-cooled inline engine, but this ran into development problems. The prototype was then fitted with a Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs instead, and flew in this form in October 1938.

In order to find some solution to the engine problem, the VG-31 was to use the 632 kW (860 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Y-31 and the VG-32 the Allison V-1710C-15. The VG-31 flew in 1939 and proved to have excellent performance. The prototype VG-32 was completed in 1940 and awaiting its test flight when it was captured by the advancing German forces at Villacoublay.

The VG-33 was a modified version of the VG-31 using the same 12Y-31, and first flew on April 25th, 1939. It had surprisingly good performance of 560 km/h, and was ordered into production with a contract for 220 aircraft in September, later raised to 1,000. Production didn't take long to start, but most of the airframes never received engines and sat at the factory when it was overrun.

Further developments continued while the VG-33 production started. The VG-34 mounted the newer 688 kW (935 hp) 12Y-45, while the VG-35 used the 735 kW (1,000 hp) 12Y-51. The VG-36 used the same engine as the -35, but introduced a new streamlined radiator bath that looked very similat to the one on the P-51 Mustang. Single prototypes of all three were built and flown in early 1940. The VG-37 was an extended range version of the -36, while the VG-38 was to have used the 12Y-77, but neither were built.

The last in the series was the VG-39, originally powered by the new 882 kW (1,200 hp) 12Y-89 using an extension shaft on the propeller to streamline the nose profile, giving the plane an excellent speed of 625 km/h (388 mph) even when loaded down with two more machine guns. The actual production version was to have been the VG-39bis, powered by the new 1177 kW (1,600 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Z-17, using the streamlined radiator intake design from the VG-36.

Two more designs were projected, both based on the VG-39bis airframe. The VG-40 mounted the Rolls-Royce Merlin III and the VG-50 the newer Allison V-1710-39. Neither was built.

Active service

Nineteen aircraft were taken on by the Armeé de l'Air, but none saw service during the Battle of France. Several more were completed during the battle, and with the fall of France 21 VG-33s were confiscated by the Luftwaffe for testing and other purposes.

Model history

VG-33, initial production model with 4× 7.5 mm MAC 1934 MGs, 20 mm cannon (44 built)

VG-39, advanced prototype with 882 kW (1200 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Y-89ter and 6× 7.5 mm MAC 1934 MGs, 20 mm cannon (1 built)

Total production (including prototypes): 49

Specifications (variant described)

General characteristics

• Crew:
• Capacity:
• Length: m ( ft)
• Wingspan: m ( ft)
• Height: m ( ft)
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• Empty: kg ( lb)
• Loaded: kg ( lb)
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• Powerplant: Engine type(s), kN (lbf) thrust or
• Powerplant: Engine type(s), kW ( hp)

Performance

• Maximum speed: km/h ( mph)
• Range: km ( miles)
• Service ceiling: m ( ft)
• Rate of climb: m/min ( ft/min)
• Wing loading: kg/m² ( lb/ft²)
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External links

• Arsenal VG-30 do VG-50, in Polish, but with good line art
• VG33 a fast fighter but too late (in French)