Artamonov is a lunar crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. The eroded outer rim of Artamonov does not have the circular shape of most lunar craters, and instead has the overall shape of three or four merged craters. Thlargest of these formations is in the south, with smaller circular bulges to the north and east.

The interior floor of Artamonov has been resurfaced by subsequent flows of basaltic lava, leaving a relatively flat, featureless floor that appears darker due to lower albedo. The crater floor is faintly marked by lighter-hued ejecta from Giordano Bruno crater to the north.

A linear formation of craters designated Catena Artamonov lies alongside the northeast rim of Artamov crater, following a course to the southeast. Nearby craters of note include Maxwell and Lomonosov to the northwest, and Edison crater to the west. To the east-northeast is the smaller Espin crater, and the small Malyy crater formation is located to the south-southeast.