Artorius was a Roman gens. Its members were apparently natives of Campania, and during Imperial times at least one section of the family resided on the coast of Dalmatia.

The one famous member of this family was Lucius Artorius Castus, a cavalry general who served in Britain and who may be the source of the legends of King Arthur. As such, Arthur is often translated into Latin as Artorius or some variant (Artorus, Arturus, and suchlike). It is theorizied that Artorius may even be the etymological root for the name Arthur: although continental Celts had bear gods named Artos and Arto, the British Celts did not; and Castus' campaigns in Britannia would have made him memorable to the local populace, and no Briton had the name Arthur before Castus' tenure in Britannia was complete.

Artorius is also a long poem by John Heath-Stubbs (1972), detailing his view of the Arthurian legend.