On Novembe 24, 1947, Polish authorities tried forty-one former members of staff from the Auschwitz concentration camps in a Krakow courtroom. The most infamous defendants were Arthur Liebhenschel , former commandant, Maria Mandel head of all Auschwitz women's camps, and SS doctor Johann Kremer. The accused stood at four other SS women and thirty-four other SS men, all who previously served as guards and/or doctors in the Auschwitz complex. Eventually, Arthur Liebhenschel was condemned to death, as was Maria Mandel, Hans Aumeier, Max (Maximilian) Grabner, August Bogusch, Kurt Mueller, Wilhelm Gehring, Erich Muehsfeldt, Arthur Breitwiser, Heinrich Josten, Therese Brandl, Ludwig Plagge, Johann Kremer, Josef Kollmer, Hermann Kirschner, Paul Gotze, Fritz Buntrock, Franz Kraus, Paul Szczurek, Karl Mockel, Herbert Ludwig, and Hans Schumacher. Eventually Arthur Breitwieser and Johann Kremer had their sentences commutted to life imprisonment. As for the rest of the defendants; Richard Schroeder received ten years imprisonment, Hildegard Lachert fifteen years, Johannes Weber fifteen years, Detlef Nebbe life imprisonment, Erich Dinges five year in prison, Anton Lechner was jailed for life, Hans Hofmann fifteen years, Alice Orlowski fifteen years, SS Dr. Hans Munch was acquitted and freed, Alexander Bulow was imprisoned for fifteen years, Hans Koch for life, Luise Danz, also for life, Franz Romeikat for fifteen years, Karl Jeschke for three, Adolf Medefind for life, Karl Seufert for life, Eduard Lorenz for fifteen years, and Oswald Kaduk was sentenced to twenty-five years imprisonment. The trial ended on December 22, 1947. All executions were done in a Krakow prison on January 28, 1948, starting with the women, Maria Mandel and Therese Brandl.