Bagoas was a Persian name (Bagoi), a shortened form of names like Bagadata, "given by God," often used for eunuchs.

A eunuch, Bagoas, was a favourite of Alexander the Great (Dicaearchus iii Athen. xiii. 6o3b; Plut. Al. 67; Aelian, Var. Hist. 3.23; Curt. vi. 5. 23; x. I. 25 if.).

Plutarch, however, reports an angry letter from Alexander to Darius, naming Bagoas as one of the persons that organized the murder of his father, Philip II

The best-known of these ("Bagoses" in Josephus) became the confidential minister of Artaxerxes III. He threw in his lot with the Rhodian condottiere Mentor, and with his help succeeded in subjecting Egypt again to the Persian empire (probably 342 BC). Mentor became general of the maritime provinces, suppressed the rebels, and sent Greek mercenaries to the king, while Bagoas administered the upper satrapies and gained such power that he was the real master of the kingdom (Diod. xvi. 50; cf. Didymus, Comm. in Demosth. Phil. vi. 5).

He became very wealthy by confiscating the sacred writings of the Egyptian temples and giving them back to the priests for large bribes (Diod. XVI. 51). When the high priest of Jerusalem, Jesus, murdered his brother Johannes in the temple, Bagoas (who had supported Johannes) put a new tax on the Jews and entered the temple, saying that he was purer than the murderer who performed the priestly office (Joseph. Ant. xi. 7.1).

In 338 BC Bagoas killed the king and all his sons but the youngest, Arses--whom he raised to the throne; two years later he murdered Arses and made Darius III king. When Darius attempted to become independent of the powerful vizier, Bagoas tried to poison him too; but Darius was warned and forced him to drink the poison himself (Diod. xvii. 5; Johann. Antioch, p. 38, 39 ed. Muller; Arrian ii. 14. 5; Curt. vi. 4. 10).

A later story, that Bagoas was an Egyptian and killed Artaxerxes III because he had killed the sacred Apis (Aelian, Var. Hist. vi. 8), is without historical basis. Bagoas' house in Susa, with rich treasures, was presented by Alexander to Parmenio (Plut. Alex. 39); his gardens in Babylon, with the best species of palms, are mentioned by Theophrastus (Hist. Plant, ii. 6; Plin. Nat. Hist. xiii. 41).

This entry was originally based from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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A more detailed bio of Bagoas Another Bagoas, not to be confused with the king-maker and king-killer, but also a eunuch, was but a young boy while his namesake deposed a Persian king and was killed by another. The younger Bagoas survived Darius III and entered the service of Alexander. This Bagoas is the subject, and title character, of THE PERSIAN BOY, a famous historical novel by the late Mary Renault. Renault points out that this young and talented eunuch is the only person whom the historical documents describe as Alexander the Great's eromenos, his "beloved." Not even Hephaiston is thus described. Renault also points out that at a contest held shortly after the crossing of the Gedrosian Desert, when Bagoas won the dance event, the soldiers clamored for Alexander to kiss the victor as well as crown him. These soldiers were at this time all veterans of the Gedrosian crossing. Bagoas must have endeared himself to them by his courage and fortitude during the harrowing Gedrosian episode. Clearly the Bagoas who was a favorite of Alexander was the young dancer. The Bagoas who was accused by Alexander of plotting the murder of Phillip was the old plotter and regicide. It is important not to confuse these two people.