Buffer can have various meanings:

• In chemistry, the term buffer refers to a buffer solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid.
• In computing a buffer is a portion of memory set aside to store data, often before it is sent to an external device or as it is received from an external device. See buffer overflow.
• Buffers may be mechanical, as in certain computer magnetic tape drives or a film buffer loop in an movie projector.
• In telecommunications, the term buffer has the following meanings (Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188)
  1. A routine or storage medium used to compensate for a difference in rate of flow of data, or time of occurrence of events, when transferring data from one device to another. Note: Buffers are used for many purposes, such as (a) interconnecting two digital circuits operating at different rates, (b) holding data for use at a later time, (c) allowing timing corrections to be made on a data stream, (d) collecting binary data bits into groups that can then be operated on as a unit, (e) delaying the transit time of a signal in order to allow other operations to occur.
  2. To use a buffer or buffers.
  3. An isolating circuit, often an amplifier, used to minimize the influence of a driven circuit on the driving circuit. Synonym buffer amplifier.
  4. In a fiber optic communication cable, one type of component used to encapsulate one or more optical fibers for the purpose of providing such functions as mechanical isolation, protection from physical damage and fiber identification. Note: The buffer may take the form of a miniature conduit, contained within the cable and called a loose buffer, or loose buffer tube, in which one or more fibers may be enclosed, often with a lubricating gel. A tight buffer consists of a polymer coating in intimate contact with the primary coating applied to the fiber during manufacture.
• In international relations, a buffer may refer to a buffer zone (such as a demilitarized zone) or a buffer state.

• In rail transport, a buffer is a device that cushions the impact of vehicles against each other.