The Butmir Culture was a culture in Butmir, near Ilidža Bosnia and Herzegovina dating from the neolithic period. It is characterized by its unique pottery, and is one of the best researched European cultures from 2600-2400 BC.

The Butmir Culture was discovered in 1893, when Austrio-Hungarian authorities began construction on the agricultural college of the University of Sarajevo. Various traces of human settlement were found dating to the neolithic period. Digs were begun immediately, and lasted between 1893 to 1896.

The finds caused a buzz among archeologists worldwide. They were largely responsible for the International Congress of Archeology and Antrophology being held in Sarajevo in August of 1894. The most impressive finds were the unique ceramics, which are now found in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Certain characteristics of the Butmir pottery designs made some suggest a connection to the Minoan culture on Crete. Of course this was during the same time that some suggested Troy was found in the Neretva river valley, and overwhelming modern opinion is that the Butmir people were a unique culture of their own in the Sarajevo area.

The culture disappeared during the Bronze Age, most likely conquered by the Illyrians who settled the area at the time. The Illyrian tribe who occupied the area after them were the Daesitates.