The Canterbury Plains is an area bounded by the foothills of the Southern Alps and the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. They are centered aound the city of Christchurch in the Canterbury region. Their northern extremes are at the foot of the Hundalee Hills in the Hurunui District, and in the south they merge into the plains of North Otago beyond the Waitaki River.

The Canterbury Plains are formed from the alluvial shingle fans of several large rivers, notably the Waimakariri, the Rakaia, the Selwyn, and the Rangitata Rivers. The land is suitable for moderately intensive livestock farming, but is prone to droughts, especially when the prevailing wind is from the northwest. At these times, the weather phenomenon known as the Nor'west arch can be seen across much of the plain.

Most of the population of Canterbury lives in a series of large and small towns arranged northeast to southwest along the plains, and connected by State Highway 1. These include Christchurch, Ashburton, and Timaru, along with the smaller towns of Kaiapoi, Dunsandel, Rakaia, Temuka, and Glenavy. Other town of the plains include Rangiora, Leeston, Lincoln, Darfield, Geraldine, and Waimate.