Before the decipherment of cuneiform text, knowledge of the history of Babylon and Assyria was mostly dependent upon classical authorites. This history, however, was scanty and questionable. Had the native history of Berossus survived, this may not have been the case; all that is known of the Chaldaean historian's work, however, is derived from quotations in Josephus, Ptolemy, Eusebius and George Syncellus. The authenticity of his list of 10 antediluvian kings who reigned for 120 sari or 432,000 years, has been partially confirmed by the inscriptions; but his 8 postdiluvian dynasties are difficult to reconcile with the monuments, and the numbers attached to them are probably corrupt. It is different with the 7th and 8th dynasties as given by Ptolemy in his Almagest, which prove to have been faithfully recorded:

1. Nabonassar (747 BC) 14 years
2. Nadios
3. Khinziros and Poros (Pul)
4. Ilulaeos
5. Mardokempados (Merodach-Baladan ) 12
6. Arkeanos (Sargon II)
7. Interregnum
8. Hagisa 1 month
9. Belibos (702 BC) 3 years
10. Assaranadios (Ashur-nadin-shumi )
11. Regebelos- ..year
12. Mesesimordakos, 4 years
13. Interregnum
14. Asaridinos (Esarhaddon), 13 years
15. Saosdukhinos (Samash-shum-ukin ), 20 years
16. Sineladanos (Ashurbanipal), 22 years

The account of Babylon given by Herodotus is not that of aft eye-witness and not very extenesive. In his Histories he mentions that he will devote a whole section to the history of Assyria, but this promise is unfufilled. Herodotus' views are argued against by Ctesias, who, however, has mistaken mythology for history, and Greek romance owed to him its Ninus and Semiramis, its Ninyas and Sardanapalus. Another ancient authority of some value on Babylonian and Assyrian history, is the Old Testament.

See also: Babylonia and Assyria