An Orbital is a fictional purpose-built space habitat from Iain M. Banks' "The Culture" science fiction universe.

Banks has described them as looking like "a god's bracelet" hanging in space. Orbitals are ribbon-like hoops of superstrong material (see also unobtainium) reinforced and joined with forcefields. On the inside of the hoop, there can be any type of planetary environment, from desert to ocean to jungle to glacier. At the edges are high walls to keep the atmosphere in and protect the inhabitants from radiation, typically tens or hundreds of kilometres high. Orbitals spin to mimic the effects of gravity, and are sized so that the rate of rotation necessary to produce a comfortable gravity level is approximately equal to one day. In the case of the standard Culture day and gravity, this diameter is around fourteen million kilometres. By tilting the axis of the Orbital relative to its orbit around a star, a convenient day-night cycle can be experienced by the inhabitants.

Each Orbital is governed/managed by a Mind, which is situated in a structure in space at the centre of the Orbital, known as the Hub. The Mind is generally referred to simply as "Hub" by the inhabitants of the Orbital.

An Orbital is similar to a Ringworld, but is much smaller and does not enclose its primary star within itself, instead orbiting the star in a more conventional manner.

It should also be noted that the very popular game Halo: Combat Evolved by Bungie Studios is set on a structure similar to an Orbital, only much smaller, only ten thousand kilometres across.

Also see

• Dyson Sphere
• Megastructure
• Ringworld
• Stanford torus