Dedovshchina () is the name given to the informal system of subjugation of new junior recruits for the Russian armed services, MVD, and border guards to soldiers of the last year of service. It involves violent (and sometimes fatal), hazing, but is not limited to it. It is often cited as a major source of poor morale in the ranks.

It's said to have started about 30 years ago, when two different groups of conscripts met in the army: those who were drafted for 3 years service and those only for 2 years, as of new law of 12.10.1967. Oppression by older conscripts have probably always taken place in the army, but after that date it become organised and with its own rules and ranks.

The term is derived from "ded", the Russian word for grandfather, meaning soldiers at their fourth and last half-year of conscription, with the suffix -shchina which designates attribution (compare Yezhovshchina, Zhdanovshchina).