Duke of Newcastle is a title which has been created several times in the peerages of England and Great Britain. The title Earl of Newcastle was first created for Ludovic Stuart, the first Duke of Richmond. The title was again created for William Cavendish, who was raised to the rank of Marquess and finally Duke, and also created Earl of Ogle at the same time. After the death of the second Duke, these titles became extinct.

The title was again created for John Holles . When he died in 1711 the title became extinct but his estates passed to his nephew Thomas Pelham, who three years later upon coming of age received the title in its third creation. In 1757 he received the additional title of "Newcastle-under-Lyme" (not the previously used "Newcastle-upon-Tyne"). When Pelham died in 1768 the Tyne title became extinct, but the Lyme title passed to his eniece's husband Henry Clinton . That title also became extinct upon the death of the tenth Duke, as no male heirs to the title remained.

Earls of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, First creation (1623)

• Ludovic Stuart, 1st Duke of Richmond (1574-1624)

Dukes of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, First creation (1665)

• William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1592-1674)
• Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle (1630-1691)

Dukes of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Second Creation (1694)

• John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1662-1711)

Dukes of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Third Creation (1715)

• Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693-1768)

Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1757)

• Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693-1768)
• Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle (1720-1794)
• Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle (1752-1795)
• Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle (1785-1851)
• Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle (1811-1864)
• Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle (1834-1879)
• Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle (1864-1928)
• Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle (1866-1941)
• Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle (1907-1988)
• Edward Charles Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle (1920-1988)