The Earls of Chesterfield were an aristocratic family from Derbyshire, England. Their ancestral seat is Bretby Hall at Bretby, Derbyshire, and their family name is "Stanhope". Upon the death of the thirteenth Earl, the title became extinct, as no more male descendants of the first Earl were living.

Earls of Chesterfield (1616)

• Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield (1584-1656)
• Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield (1634-1714)
• Philip Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Chesterfield (1672-1726)
• Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773)
• Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield (1755-1815)
• George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield (1805-1866)
• George Philip Cecil Arthur Stanhope, 7th Earl of Chesterfield (1831- 1871)
• George Philip Stanhope, 8th Earl of Chesterfield (1822-1883
• Henry Edwyn Chandos Scudamore-Stanhope, 9th Earl of Chesterfield (1821-1887)
• Edwyn Francis Scudamore-Stanhope, 10th Earl of Chesterfield (1854-1933)
• Henry Athole Scuadamore-Stanhope, 11th Earl of Chesterfield (1855-1935)
• Edward Henry Scudamore-Stanhope, 12th Earl of Chesterfield (1889-1952)
• James Richard Stanhope, 13th Earl of Chesterfield, 7th Earl Stanhope (1880-1967)

The thirteenth Earl inherited the title late in life and never used it formally. He instead continued to use his existing title Earl Stanhope.