The Peerage title of Earl of Lennox has been created six times in British history, becoming extinct every time. The Earl of Lennox was elevated to Duke of Lennox in 1581.

Earls of Lennox, First Creation (1184)

• Alwin Mcarkill, 1st Earl of Lennox (d. 1200)
• Alwin Mcarkill, 2nd Earl of Lennox (d. 1224)
• Maldouen Mcarkill, 3rd Earl of Lennox (d. 1260)
• Malcolm Mcarkill, 4th Earl of Lennox (d. 1291)
• Malcolm Mcarkill, 5th Earl of Lennox (d. 1333)
• Donald Mcarkill, 6th Earl of Lennox (d. 1373)
• Margaret Mcarkill, 7th Countess of Lennox (?) (resigned 1385)

  m. Walter of Farlane , descendant of the 2nd Earl.

• Duncan Farlane, 8th Earl of Lennox (d. 1425)
• Isabella Farlane, 9th Countess of Lennox (d. 1459)

  m. Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany

• her four sons; all died without legitimate issue (extinct c. 1459)

Earls of Lennox, Second Creation (1488)

• John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox, Lord Darnley (d. 1495)
• Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox (1488-Battle of Flodden Field, 1513)
• John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox (d. 1526)
• Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (1516-1571)
• lapsed into the crown in James VI of Scotland, his grandson

Earls of Lennox, Third Creation (c. 1571)

• Charles Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox (1555-1576), second son of the 4th Earl of the second creation
• Lady Arbella Stuart, 2nd Countess of Lennox (1575-1615) (over-ridden)

Earls of Lennox, Fourth Creation (1578)

• Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox , "exchanged" for Earldom of March 1580, second son of the 3rd Earl of the second creation

Earls of Lennox, Fifth Creation (1580)

• Esme Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox (1542–1583), grandson of the 3rd Earl of the second creation through his third son John

Dukes of Lennox, First Creation (1581)

• Esme Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox (1542–1583)
• Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (1574–1623)
• Esme Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (1579–1624)
• James Stewart, 4th Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (1612–1655)
• Esme Stewart, 5th Duke of Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond (1649–1660)
• Charles Stewart, 6th Duke of Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond (1639–1672) (extinct)