Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli (1856 - 1941) was an Italian-born Austrian officer during World War I who rose to the rank of Field Marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army.

At the start of World War I, Bohm-Ermolli was given command of the Austrian 2nd Army which was intended for action on the Serbian front. Due to Austria's underestimation of Russia's mobilization, the Austrian 2nd Army was diverted to the Eastern Front joining its ally Germany's forces, it halted the Russian attacks.

Bohm-Ermolli's forces occupied the Ukraine in March 1918 at war's end. His Army group was then dissolved at Odessa in the Ukraine. He was promoted Generaloberst in May 1916 and Feldmarschall field marshal during January 1918.

He settled in Czechoslovakia after the war and its government granted him a pension and honored him as a General 1st Class in the reserve. In 1928 he became an Army General of Czechoslovakia.

When the Sudetenland was annexed by Nazi Germany he became a German citizen and received a promotion to Generalfeldmarschall of the German army.

He was appointed as the honorary colonel-in-chief of Infantry Regiment 28 in his hometown of Troppau.

When he died in December of 1941 he was afforded a state funeral with full military honors in Vienna.