Else von Richthofen (October 8, 1874 - December 22, 1973), a distant relative of the "Red Baron" Manfred von Richthofen, is known as one of the first female social scientists in Germany, wife of the German economist Edgar Jaffé as well as lover of the economists and sociologists Max Weber and Alfred Weber. Her sister Frieda von Richthofen was the wife of the British novelist D. H. Lawrence.

Life and Career

Elisabeth Helene Amalie Sophie Freiin (Baroness) von Richthofen (also known as Else Jaffé) was born in Château-Salins (France). Her father was Baron Friedrich Ernst Emil Ludwig von Richthofen (1844-1915), an engineer in the German army, and Anna Elise Lydia Marquier (1852-1930).

While Else von Richthofen started her professional career as a teacher, she enrolled at Heidelberg University at a time when this was still very unusual for women; she was one of just four female students at the time. She earned a doctorate in economics in 1901 and started to work as a labour inspector in Karlsruhe.

She married another former student of Max Weber, Edgar Jaffé (1865-1921), in 1902 who was a well-known economist and entrepreneur. It was Jaffé who bought the journal Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik of which Max Weber became one of the editors. With Jaffé, she had two children, Marianne (born 1905) and Hans (born 1909).

Else became acquainted to intellectuals and authors, including the sociologists and economists Max Weber and Alfred Weber, the psychanalyst Otto Gross , the writer Fanny von Reventlow and others. She started an affair with Otto Gross with whom she had a third child, Peter (1907-ca. 1915). She also had an affair with her former professor Max Weber and his brother Alfred Weber with whom she later lived together in the same house for several years after her husband died.

Further reading

• Janet Byrne: A Genius for Living - A Biography of Frieda Lawrence, Bloomsbury, 1995.

External link

• Biographical sketch (in French)