Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (May 11, 1971-February 26, 1966) was president of Nicaragua from January 1, 1917 to December 31, 1920 and from January 17 to October 30, 1926.

Chamorro's first foray into politics came in 1893, when he participated in the failed revolution to topple President José Santos Zelaya. When Zelaya was finally removed in a 1909 coup led by Juan José Estrada , Chamorro became Chairman of teh Constituent Assembly and leader of the country's Conservative Party.

In reward for his assistance in defeating the revolt against President Adolfo Diáz , Chamorro was appointed Nicaragua's Minister to the United States. In 1914, he negotiated the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty with the United States, by which Nicaragua agreed to allow the construction of a canal across the country, linking the Caribbean with the Pacific Ocean.

He returned to Nicaragua in 1916, and was elected president. During his term in office he made a concerted effort to pay off the country's creditors. Running again for office in 1923, he was defeated by Carlos Solórzano . In 1926, he led a successful coup to overthrow, Solórzano, but his new government failed to win American support, and he eventually resigned in favor of Adolfo Diáz.

In the following years, Chamorro served as the countries minister to several European countries. Originally opposed to the dicatorship of Anastasio Somoza, he eventually reached a compromise, whereby the Conservative Party was granted a number of seats in the Nicaragua's Congress. This, however, cost him the support of many radical members of the Conservative Party.

Chamorro died in 1966.