In humans, erysipelas is a group A streptococcal infection of the skin resulting in inflammation of skin and underlying tissues. It is a form of cellulitis. (Erysipelas is also the name given to an infection in animals caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Infection by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in humans is known as erysipeloid.)

Signs and symptoms

The erythematous skin lesion enlarges rapidly and has a sharply demarcated raised edge. Vesicles and bullae appear and later rupture, leaving crusts behind.

Patients may experience symptoms of sepsis including fever, chills and rigors. Lymph nodes may be swollen. Perianal cellulitis may also occur with itching and painful bowel movements.

The infection may occur on any part of the skin including the face, arms, or legs but it tends to favour the extremities. Repeated infection of the extremities can lead to chronic swelling (lymphadenitis ).

Transmission

Cellulitis begins with minor trauma, such as a bruise, usually to an extremity.

Diagnosis

The organism may be cultured from swabs of the skin lesions or grown in blood cultures.

Treatment

Depending on the severity, treatment involves either oral or intravenous antibiotics. Penicillin is the drug of choice.