Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Executive Yuan
The Executive Yuan (行政院; literally 'executive court') is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China.
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Organization and Structure
It is headed by a President, commonly referred to as the Premier of the Republic of China, and has a vice president (vice premier), and eight cabinet ministers, various chairpersons of commissions, and five to seven ministers without portfolio as its members. The vice premier, ministers, and chairpersons are appointed by the President of the Republic of China on the recommendation of the premier.
Its formation, as one of five Yuans of the government, stemmed from the Three Principles of the People, the constitutional theory of Sun Yat-sen, but was adjusted constitutionally over the years to adapt to the situation in Taiwan by changes in the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of China.
Ministries:
- Interior 內政
- Foreign Affairs 外交
- National Defense 國防
- Finance 財政
- Education 教育
- Justice 法務
- Economic Affairs 經濟
- Transportation and Communications 交通
Councils and Commissions:
- Aborgines Commission
- Agricultural Council
- Atomic Energy Council
- Central Election Commission
- Consumer Protection Commission
- Cultural Affairs Commission
- Economic Planning & Development Council
- Fair Trade Commission
- Labor Affairs Council
- Mainland Affairs Council
- Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission
- National Palace Museum
- National Science Council
- National Youth Commission
- Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission
- Physical Education and Sports Commission
- Public Construction Commission
- Research Development and Evaluation Commission
- Veterans Affairs Commission
- Vocational Assistance for Retired Veterans Affairs
- Environmental Protection Agency
Directorates General:
- Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics
- Central Personnel Administration
- Department of Health
- Government Information Office
- National Police Agency
- Coast Guard Administration
Executive Yuan Council
The Executive Yuan Council, commonly referred to as "The Cabinet" (內閣), is the chief policymaking organ of the ROC government. It consists of the premier, who presides over its meetings, the vice premier, ministers without portfolio, the heads of the ministries, and the heads of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission. The secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general of the Executive Yuan also attend, as well as heads of other Executive Yuan organizations by invitation, but they have no vote. Article 58 of the Constitution empowers the Executive Yuan Council to evaluate statutory and budgetary bills and bills concerning martial law, amnesty, declarations of war, conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs before submission to the Legislative Yuan.
Relationship with the Legislative Yuan
A common scene in Taiwanese news consists of ministers being asked harsh questions by legislative committees. Legally, the Executive Yuan must present the Legislative Yuan with an annual policy statement and an administrative report. The Legislative Yuan may also summon members of the Executive Yuan for questioning.
Whenever there is disagreement between the Legislative Yuan and Executive Yuan, the Legislative Yuan may pass a resolution asking the EY to alter the policy proposal in question. The Executive Yuan may, in turn, ask the LY to reconsider. Afterwards, if the LY upholds the original resolution, the premier must abide by the resolution or resign. The EY may also present an alternative budgetary bill if the one passed by the Legislative Yuan is deemed difficult to execute.
See also
External link
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