Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Gaza
- The article is about the Middle Eastern city. For the province in Mozambique, see Gaza Province.
The city of Gaza is the principal city in the Gaza Strip. It sometimes called Gaza City to distinguish it from the Gaza Strip. It has a population of about 400,000. It is currently under the control of the Palestinian Authority, which took it over from Israel following the 1993 Oslo Accords.
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Naming
In Arabic it is written غزة Ġazzah;, in the Hebrew alphabet it is עזה, in Standard Hebrew it is ʿAzza.
The word's original meaning is unclear. Some authorities derive it from Hebrew ʿAzzāh "strong"; however, the ʿ in ʿAzzāh is original (from proto-Semitic *`zz), whereas the ` in Azza derives from original Ġ. The oldest attested records naming Gaza are ancient Egyptian, in which it it variously transcribed as q-d-t or g-d-t, in an attempt to render the Canaanite sounds gh and z not found in the Egyptian of that period. The Tell el-Amarna tablets call it Qazati[1]. 5th-century BC Babylonian records call it Ḫazatu. In ancient Greek, it was termed Γάζα. In Hebrew, its pronunciation shifted from *Ġazzāh to Tiberian Hebrew ʿAzzāh around the first century AD, when the uvular fricatives were lost under the influence of other Semitic languages. The Arabic form Ghazzah may derive from the Greek name. The earliest surviving written attestation of the name "Gaza" in Arabic may be the Nessana bilingual entagion of 674 AD (54 AH), although the name is mentioned in pre-Islamic traditions.
History
Gaza has long been sought after by many groups due to its location between Asia and Africa, its fertile land, and its value as a sea port.
The earliest known reference to the city was by the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III in the 15th century BC. It is also mentioned in the Tell el-Amarna tablets. The exact site of ancient Gaza is not known.
Modern Gaza was built in the time of Herod the Great. In biblical times Gaza was one of the major cities of the Philistines. The Philistine city was built on a hill about 150 feet (45 meters) above sea level, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. It was a walled city of about 200 acres (80 hectares). It came successively under the control of the Israelites, Assyrians, Egyptians, Babylonians, and Persians.
Gaza became a Muslim city in 635, when it was captured by the Arabs. The city was taken by Crusaders in the 1100s, although it was recaptured by Muslims in 1187.
The Ottoman Empires took control of Gaza in the in the 1500s. During World War I on November 7, 1917 the Third Battle of Gaza ended and United Kingdom forces captured Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.
Gaza served as the administrative headquarters for the Israeli military forces that militarily administered the Gaza Strip from 1967 to 1994.
Transport
Gaza has one airport, Gaza International Airport. It is currently closed.
See also
External links
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