Gilles Caouette (born 1940) was a Canadian politician and Member of Parliament.

Caouette was born in Rouyn, Quebec. His father, Réal Caouette, was a prominent Social Credit politician, and leader of the Ralliement créditiste and later the Social Credit Party of Canada.

Gilles followed in his father’s footsteps, and ran for election to the Canadian House of Commons as a Ralliement créditiste or Social Credit candidate three times (1963, 1964 and 1965), before finally winning election from Labelle riding in the 1972 Canadian election with a margin of 159 votes.

Gilles was defeated in the 1974 Canadian election, and in a 1975 by-election in Hochelaga.

His father died in 1976, resulting in a by-election in the Témiscamingue riding that his father had held since 1978. Gilles won the May 24, 1977 by-election, and returned to the House of Commons. On June 24, 1977, Réal’s successor as Social Credit party leader, André-Gilles Fortin, died at the age of 33. Gilles became acting party leader on June 29.

He was replaced as acting leader in 1978 by Charles-Arthur Gauthier, and was defeated in the 1979 Canadian election.

Outside of politics, he worked as an administrator, draftsman, research director, and as a technician.

Source: History of the Federal Electoral Ridings since 1867