Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton (12 July 1669 - 31 March 1725) was a British politician of the early eighteenth century.

A scion of the Boyle Earls of Cork, one of the leading Anglo-Irish families, Boyle was educated at Westminster School and entered the army under the auspices of his uncle, the Tory politician Lord Rochester. However, Boyle himself became a Whig, and in 1688 deserted the army of James II in favor of the Prince of Orange.

In 1689, he was elected to parliament for Tamworth, but was defeated the next year, and spent the next two years in Ireland managing the family estates. In 1692 he returned to parliament for Cambridge University, and became a prominent spokesman of the "country" opposition, but in 1697 he switched to the court party. Here he advanced quickly, becoming a Lord of the Treasury in 1699 and Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1701.

He picked up other offices as he went along, becoming Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire and Lord Treasurer of Ireland in 1704, and was elected member for Westminster in 1705. With the departure of Harley and his followers from the government, Boyle became Secretary of State for the Northern Department and Lord Treasurer Godolphin's principal lieutenant in the Commons. His and Godolphin's dominance in the ministry was increasingly overshadowed by the power of the Junto of Whig aristocrats, however, and in 1710 he retired from office and withdrew from politics with the arrival of Harley's new Tory ministry.

With the Hanoverian succession in 1714, Boyle was raised to the peerage as Baron Carleton, and became Lord President in 1721, an office in which he continued until his death in 1721.

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Robert Harley | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Northern Secretary
1708–1710 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Henry St John

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
The Viscount Townshend | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Lord President
1721–1725 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
The Duke of Devonshire