Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville (April 28, 1742 - May 28 1811) was a British statesman.

He was the fourth son of Robert Dundas (1685-1753), lord president of the Scottish court of session, and was born at Edinburgh in 1742. He was educated at the high school and University of Edinburgh.

Becoming a member of the faculty of advocates in 1763, he soon acquired a leading position at the bar; and he had the advantage of the success of his half-brother Robert (1713-1787), who had become lord president of the court of session in 1760. He became solicitor-general to Scotland in 1766; but after his appointment as lord-advocate in 1775, he gradually relinquished his legal practice to devote his attention more exclusively to public business. In 1774 be was returned to parliament for Midlothian, and joined the party of Lord North; and notwithstanding his speaking Scots and ungraceful manner, he soon distinguished himself by his clear and argumentative speeches.

After holding subordinate offices under the Earl of Shelburne and Pitt the Younger, he entered the cabinet in 1791 as secretary of state for the Home Department. From 1794 to 1801 he was War Secretary under Pitt, his great friend. In 1802 he was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Melville and Baron Dunira. Under Pitt in 1804 he again entered office as First Lord of the Admiralty, when he introduced numerous improvements in the details of the department. Suspicion had arisen, however, as to the financial management of the Admiralty, of which Dundas had been treasurer between 1782 and 1800; in 1802 a commission of inquiry was appointed, which reported in 1805. The result was the impeachment of Lord Melville in 1806, on the initiative of Samuel Whitbread, for the misappropriation of public money; and though it ended in an acquittal, and nothing more than formal negligence lay against him, he never again held office. An earldom was offered in 1809 but declined.

He was friends with John Graves Simcoe, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada. Simcoe named Dundas Street after him (now Highway 2 in southern Ontario), and the town of Dundas is also named after him.

See Hon. JW Fortescue, History of the British Army, vol. iv (1907).

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