Holungkiang, also known as West Heilungkiang or the Manchu land, comprised the entire present-day Chinese province of Heilungkiang and the Japanese-created Hsingan Manchukuo Anto, of the World War II period. It is the old Manchu land that is now under Chinese administration, and forms part of Inner Manchuria. Its capital was Tsitsihar.

This area was inhabited by the Mohe tribes, the ancient Korean Reign of Parhae, and the Liao and Khitan reigns. Today, its borders would extend from the Argun and Amur Rivers in the northeast and west, continuing with Sungari river and finalizing in the Kirin and Liaoning provinces area in the southwest area.

Here, the Tungus organized an ancient nation called Holungkiang, in accord with Sheng-Wu-Chi ("Our august dynasty military realizations inform"). Tribes that inhabited the area included the Suksuhu , Hunehe , Wanggiya , Donggo and Jecen . These tribes were unified under the control of Nurhaci, of the Manchu Chin empire.

The city of Aigun, site where China and Russia signed the Aigun Treaty, wherein China ceded the ancient Hulun Manchu Province, is located in the area.