The Jaguar C-type (also called the Jaguar XK 120C) is a racing car built by Jaguar and sold from 1951 to 1953. Its aerodynamic body was designed by Malcolm Sayer, its lightweight, multi-tubular, triangulated frame designed by Bob Knight. A total of 54 are thought to have been built.

Mechanically, it used the running gear of the contemporary Jaguar XK 120 sports car (the C in the official XK 120C name stands for 'competition'). The twin-cam, straight-6 engine was tuned to around 205 bhp rather than 160 to 180 bhp of the road car. The custom, tubular chassis and aluminum body-panels, along with the elimination of all creature-comforts, helped the car to shed nearly 1000lbs compared to a comparable Jaguar road-car. The later C-Types were more powerful, using triple twin-choke Weber carburettors and high-lift camshaft. They were also lighter and better braked, by means of all-round disc brakes.

The Jaguar C-Type won the Le Mans 24 hours race at its first attempt in 1951, driven by Peter Walker and Peter Whitehead. Stirling Moss also drove one of the cars, but retired after running very strongly. In 1953 the car won again, in a lightened, more powerful configuration, driven by Duncan Hamilton and Tony Rolt. This victory marked the first time the race had been won at an average of over 100 mph (105.85 mph to be precise).

When new, the car sold for approximately $6,000 - approximately twice the price of an XK 120. In an article in the June 11, 2003 issue of Autocar magazine ("Slick Cat Jaguar", p.70) the value of a "genuine, healthy" C-Type is estimated as £400,000, and the value of the 1953 Le Mans winner as something like £2 million.