For the other geologist known as "James Hall" see James Hall.

Sir James Hall (January 17, 1761 - June 23, 1832) was a geologist and geophysicist, born in Dunglass, Scotland. He assumed the Baronetcy from his father in 1776. Hall studied at Cambridge University and the University of Edinburgh.

Hall was associated with other geologists of his period, particularly James Hutton and John Playfair. He carried out experimental research in geology to discover the nature of molten rock and the changes it made intruding into existing strata. He experimentally made several types of rock in his laboratory. His experimental heating and cooling of rocks helped his friend Hutton substantiate his Plutonist Theory, regarding the volcanic origins of rocks. His work showed that water (Neptunist Theory) was not the only cause of surface geological formations.

Hall traveled extensively in Europe to examine geological formations of the Alps and Mount Etna. He noted the similarity of lava flows in Italy to locations in Scotland.

James Hall died in Edinburgh, Scotland.

His son, Basil Hall, was a noted traveler and writer.