James Moore Wayne (1790 - July 5, 1867) was an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia. Born in Savannah, Georgia, he graduated from Princeton University in 1808. Admitted to the bar in 1810 and began his practice in Savannah. He served in the military during the War of 1812. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives before becoming the mayor of Savannah, Georgia from September 8, 1817 to July 12, 1819.

He then served as a Judge in Georgia until he was elected as a Jacksonian to the United States Congress from March 4, 1829, to January 13, 1835. He resigned to accept the appointment as a Associate Justice to the Supreme Court. He served on the court from January 14, 1835 to his death on July 5, 1867.

James died in Washington, D.C. and was interred in Laurel Grove Cemetery, Savannah, Georgia. His sister Mary, was the great grandmother of Juliette Gordon Low the founder of Girl Scouts. In 1831, he sold his home to William Washington Gordon , Juliette's grandfather. This home is now called the Juliette Gordon Low birthplace.