Jean Antoine Letronne (25 January, 1787 - 14 December, 1848) was a French archaeologist.

Born in Paris, his father, a poor engraver, sent him to study art under the painter David, but his own tastes were literary, and he became a student in the College de France, where it is said he used to exercise his already strongly developed critical faculty by correcting old tranlations of Greek authors and afterwards comparing the results with the latest and most approved editions.

From 1810 to 1812 he travelled in France, Switzerland and Italy, and on his return to Paris published a paper entitled Essai critique sur la topographic de Syracuse, designed to elucidate Thucydides. Two years later appeared his Recherches geographiques et critiques on the De Mensura Orbis Terrae of Dicuil. In 1815 he was commissioned by government to complete the translation of Strabo which had been begun by Laporte-Dutheil , and in March 1816 he was one of those who were admitted to the Academy of Inscriptions by royal ordinance, having previously contributed On the Metrical System of the Egyptians.

Further promotion came rapidly: in 1817 he was appointed director of the Ecole des Chartes , in 1829 inspector-general of the university, and in 1831 professor of history in the College de France. This chair he exchanged in 1838 for that of archaeology, and in 1840 he succeeded Pierre C. Francois Daunou as keeper of the national archives.

Meanwhile he had published, among other works, Considerations genrales sur Evaluation des monnajes grecques ci romaines ci sur Ia valeur de lor ci de largent avant la d'couverle de l'Amerique in 1817, Recherches pour servir d l'histoire d'Egypte pendant la domination des Grecs et des Romains in 1823, and Sur l'origine grecque des zodiaques pretendus egyptiens in 1837. By the lastnamed he finally exploded a fallacy which had up to that time vitiated the chronology of contemporary Egyptologists. His Diplomes et chartres de l'Epoque Merovingienne sur papyrus et sur rilin were published in 1844. The most important work of Letronne is the Recueil des inscriptions grecques ci latines de l'Egypte, of which the first volume appeared in 1842, and the second in 1848.