D. James Henderson (born August 7, 1940 in Sudbury, Ontario) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1985 to 1995.

Henderson was educated at the University of Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, John Hopkins University, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology . He worked as a physician, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst before entering political life, and served as an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto.

He was first elected to the Ontario legislature in the provincial election of 1985, defeating Progressive Conservative incumbent Morley Kells by about 2,000 votes in the Toronto constituency of Humber . The Liberal Party formed a minority government after this election, and Henderson served as the parliamentary secretary to two ministers in the parliament which followed. He was re-elected by a much greater margin in the 1987 provincial election, in the redistributed riding of Etobicoke—Humber and again served as a parliamentary secretary after the election. He was not appointed to cabinet.

The Liberals were upset by the New Democratic Party in the 1990 provincial election, although Henderson managed to defeat his NDP opponent by about 3,500 votes. He served as his party's critic for Culture in the parliament which followed.

The Progressive Conservatives won a majority government in the 1995 provincial election, and Henderson was defeated by PC challenger Doug Ford (the father of Toronto city councillor Rob Ford). He has not sought re-election since this time.

While a member of the legislature, Henderson brought forward a private member's bill which would have ensured joint custody rights for parents in the event of a divorce. In 1997, he wrote favourably in the Globe and Mail of a meeting he had had with Fidel Castro several years earlier.