Johann Samuel Ersch (June 23, 1766 - January 16, 1828), is generally regarded as the founder of German bibliography.

He was born at Grossglogau, in Silesia. In 1785 he entered the University of Halle with the view of studying theology; but soon became more interested in history, bibliography and geography. At Halle he made the acquaintance of Johann-Ernst Fabri , professor of geography; and when Fabri was made professor of history and statistics at Jena, Ersch accompanied him there, and helped him in the preparation of several works.

In 1788 he published the Verzeichnis aller anonymischen Schriften, as a supplement to the 4th edition of Meusel's Gelehrtes Deutschland. The researches required for this work suggested to him the preparation of a Repertorium uber die allgemeinen deutschen Journale und and ere periodische Sammlungen für Erdbeschreibung, Geschichte, und die damit verwandten Wissenschaften (Lemgo, 1790-1792). The fame which this publication acquired him led to his being engaged by Schutz and Hufeland to prepare an Allgemeines Repertorium der Literatur, published in 8 volumes (Jena and Weimar, 1793-1809), which condensed the literary productions of 15 years (1785-1800), and included an account not merely of the books published during that period, but also of articles in periodicals and magazines, and even of the criticisms to which each book had been subjected.

While engaged in this great work he also planned La France littéraire, which was published at Hamburg in 5 vols, from 1797 to 1806. In 1795 he went to Hamburg to edit the Neue Hamburger Zeitung, founded by Victor Klopstock , brother of Gottlieb Klopstock , but returned in 1800 to Jena to take active part in the Allgemeine Literaturzeitung. He also obtained in the same year the office of librarian in the university, and around 1802 was made professor of philosophy.

In 1803 he accepted the chair of geography and statistics at Halle, and in 1808 was, made principal librarian. He here projected a Handbuch der deutschen Literatur seit der Mitte des 18. Jahrh. bis auf die neueste Zeit (Leipzig, 1812-1814) and, along with Johann Gottfried Gruber, the Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste (Leipzig, 1818) which he continued as far as the 21st volume. The accuracy and thoroughness of this monumental encyclopaedia made it an indispensable book of reference.

This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.