John Wesley Carlos (born June 5, 1945) is a former American champion athlete and bronze medal winner at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Born in Harlem, New York, he was a gifted High School athlete and outstanding student in who went ion to study at East Texas State University on a full track and field scholarship. His athlectic skills was the major reason ETSU won its first Lone Star Conference Championship. However, after his first year, Carlos matriculated to San Jose State College where he was trained by future National Track & Field Hall of Fame coach, Lloyd (Bud) Winter.

In 1967, John Carlos became a founding member of the Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR) that was initially created to organize a boycott of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. At the 1968 Olympic Trials, John Carlos stunned the track world when he won the 200 meters in 19.92 s, beating world record holder Tommie Smith and surpassing his record by 0.3 second. Though the record was never ratified because the spike formation on Carlos' shoes wasn't accepted at the time, the race reinforced his status as a world-class sprinter.

Following his third place finish behind fellow African-American Smith and Peter Norman in the 200 meters at the Mexico Olympics, at the medal award ceremony John Carlos and Smith made headlines around the world when they raised their black-gloved fists, Smith his right as a symbol of Black Power and Carlos his left representing unity in black America. In support Peter Norman , the silver medalist who was a white athlete from Australia, participated in the protest by wearing a OPHR badge. Suspended from their national team and banned from the Olympic Village, the action by Carlos and Smith is seen as one of the milestones of the American Civil Rights Movement.

Carlos had his greatest year in track and field in 1969, equaling the world 100-yard record of 9.1, winning the AAU 220-yard run, and leading San Jose State to its first NCAA championship with victories in the 100 and 220 and as a member of the 4x110-yard relay. He was also the gold medalist at 200 meters at the 1967 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and set indoor world bests in the 60-yard dash (5.9) and 220-yard dash (20.2).

Following his track career, Carlos tried professional football, where a knee injury curtailed his one-year stint with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. He then went on to the Canadian Football League where he played one season each for the Montreal Alouettes and the Toronto Argonauts. Following his retirement from football, Carlos worked for the Puma Company , the United States Olympic Committee, and the City of Los Angeles.

In 1985, John Carlos became a counselor and in-school suspension supervisor as well as the Track & Field Coach, at Palm Springs, California High School. In 2003, he was elected to the National Track & Field Hall of Fame.