John Cruger (1678–August 13, 1744) was a Dutch immigrant to colonial New York who became a prosperous merchant and established a successful family as well. He served as Mayor of New York City from 1739 until his death in 1744.

John was probably born in early 1678 in Holland. He came to America in the late 17th century, when New York was officially an English colony, but still very much marked by the remains of the Dutch influence of New Netherlands. He entered a mercantile firm with offices in London, New York, and Amsterdam, and by 1702 he had become a Junior partner, owning ships of his own. The following year he gained citizenship, being recognized as a Freeholder of the Province on March 2, 1703. He also married Maria Cruyler of New York.

The family would eventually include three sons and three daughters who survived infancy. Their children were Anna (1704–1744), Tileman (1705–1730), Henry (1707–1780), John (1710–1791), Sarah (1714–1766), Maria (1715–1787), and Rachel (1721–1775).

As John's family expanded, so did his business. He became a principle in his own right, after having started as a factor (agent), then as a junior partner to Onziel Van Swieden. In 1712, he was elected Alderman for the Dock Ward, a post he would hold until 1735, when he became assistant to the Mayor Paul Richard . He had sent his older sons overseas to run parts of the business; Tileman to the West Indies, and Henry to Bristol in England, while he kept John at home to take charge in New York.

By 1739, he and his family had even abandoned his Dutch Reformed Church, becoming members of the Anglican Communion at the politically important Trinity Church. That year he was appointed as Mayor of New York. When he died, his will left his thriving commercial empire to his surviving sons, John and Henry. He also returned in his will to his religious roots. He was buried in the churchyard of the Low Dutch Reformed Church in Haarlem. The graveyard is long gone, but the church is now the Elmendorf Reformed Church in East Harlem.

See also:

John Cruger, Jr., his son who was later mayor and state Assembly Speaker.

Henry Cruger, his grandson who was later a state senator.

John Harris Cruger , his grandson, a loyalist Colonel during the Revolutionary War.