Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Kirshenbaum chart
Kirshenbaum is a system for writing the International Phonetic Alphabet in ASCII.
| Contents |
Kirshenbaum charts of consonants and vowels
This chart is based off information provided in the Kirshenbaum specification.[1], [2] It may also be helpful to compare it to the SAMPA chart or X-SAMPA chart.
Consonant chart
| Kirshenbaum chart of consonants
(the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants) | |||||||||||||
| Bilabials | Labiodentals | Dentals | Alveolars | Retroflexes | Palato-alveolars | Palatals | Velars | Uvulars | Labiovelars | Pharyngeals | Glottals | Alveolar laterals | |
| Nasals | m | M | n[ | n | n. | n^ | N | n" | n<lbv> | ||||
| Stops | p b | t[ d[ | t d | t. d. | c J | k g | q G | t<lbv> d<lbv> | ? | ||||
| Fricatives | P B | f v | T D | s z | s. z. | S Z | C C<vcd> | x Q | X g" | w<vls> w | H H<vcd> | h<?> | s<lat> z<lat> |
| Approximants | r<lbd> | r[ | r | r. | j | j<vel> | g" | w | h | ||||
| Laterals | l[ | l | l. | l^ | L | ||||||||
| Trills | b<trl> | r<trl> | r" | ||||||||||
| Flaps | * | *. | *<lat> | ||||||||||
| Ejectives | p` | t[` | t` | c` | k` | q` | |||||||
| Implosives | b` | d` | d` | J` | g` | G` | |||||||
| Clicks | p! | t! | c! | c! | k! | l! | |||||||
Consonant modifiers and diacritics
Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify.
| Modifier/diacritic | Meaning |
| ! | Click |
| " | Uvular |
| - | Syllabic |
| . | Retroflex |
| ; | Palatalized |
| [ | Dental |
| ^ | Palatal |
| ` | Voiced: Implosive Unvoiced: Ejective |
| ~ | Velarized |
| <?> | Murmured |
| <H> | Pharyngealized |
| <h> | Aspirated |
| <j> | Palatalized |
| <o> | Unexploded |
| <r> | Rhoticized |
| <w> | Labialized |
Vowel chart
| Kirshenbaum simplified chart of vowels (the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels) | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | Rhotic (central) | |
| Closed or high | i y I I. |
i" u" | u- u U |
Half closed | e Y | @<umd> @ @. |
o- o | R<umd> R |
Half open | E W | V" O" | V O | Open or low | & &. | a a. | A A. |
Vowel modifiers and diacritics
Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify.
| Modifier/diacritic | Meaning |
| ~ | Nasalized |
| : | Long |
| - | Unrounded |
| . | Rounded |
| " | Centralized |
| ? | Murmured |
| <r> | Rhoticized |
Stress is indicated by ' for primary stress, and , for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.
10-26-2009 08:16:03
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details