Jews first arrived in Britain with William the Conqueror in 1066, but were expelled in 1290 following increasing persecution. (Hence plays such as The Jew of Malta and The Merchant of Venice were written when England was essentially Jew-free.) Jews were readmitted in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell, and emancipation took place in 1858. In the late 19th century there was mass Jewish immigration from anti-semitic Russia, and the 1930s saw an influx of refugees from Nazism. The Jewish population peaked at 450,000, but has since declined due to low birth rate, intermarriage and emigration. The current population according to the 2001 Census is around 240,000 (though many experts consider this an underestimate), most of whom live in London. The following is a list of some prominent British Jews.

Political figures

MPs

British Members of Parliament listed chronologically by first election date (in brackets):

• Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1837), Tory Prime Minister (raised Christian)
• Lionel de Rothschild (1847, admitted 1858), Liberal MP, first openly Jewish MP
• Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel (1902), Liberal cabinet minister & leader
• Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading (1904), Liberal cabinet minister & Viceroy of India
• Manny Shinwell (1922), Labour cabinet minister & Chairman
• Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha (1923), Liberal cabinet minister
• Sidney Silverman (1935), Labour MP, introduced Bill to abolish death penalty
• Keith Joseph, Baron Joseph (1956), Tory cabinet minister
• Sir Gerald Kaufman (1970), Labour cabinet minister
• Leon Brittan, Baron Brittan of Spennithorne (1974), Tory cabinet minister, European Commissioner
• Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson of Blaby (1974), Tory Chancellor of the Exchequer
• Sir Malcolm Rifkind (1974), Tory cabinet minister
• Edwina Currie (1983), Tory cabinet minister
• Michael Howard (1983), Tory cabinet minister & leader
• Peter Mandelson (1992), Labour cabinet minister, European Commissioner (Jewish father)
• Margaret Hodge (1994), Labour minister
• Oona King (1997), Labour MP, second black female MP (Jewish mother)
• Oliver Letwin (1997), Tory shadow chancellor

Other

• Peter Benenson, founder of Amnesty International
• Victor Gollancz, publisher and political activist
• Lewis Gompertz , founder of the RSPCA
• Sidney Hart, Trade Unionist
• Joel Joffe , human rights lawyer & chairman of Oxfam
• Józef Rotblat, anti-nuclear campaigner, Nobel Peace Prize (1995)
• Krystyna Skarbek, World War 2 spy
• Sir Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of New Zealand
• Harry Woolf, Baron Woolf, Lord Chief Justice

Scientists

Physicists

• Hermann Bondi, cosmologist
• Paul Eisler, inventor of printed circuit board
• Dennis Gabor, inventor of holography, Nobel Prize (1971)
• Michael Green, string theorist
• William & Caroline Herschel, astronomers (father 'of Jewish descent')
• Brian David Josephson, physicist, Nobel Prize (1973)
• Nicholas Kurti, low-temperature physicist

Chemists

• Herbert Brown, chemist, Nobel Prize (1979) (UK-born)
• Aaron Klug, physicist & chemist, Nobel Prize (1982)
• Harold Kroto, discoverer of buckminsterfullerene, Nobel Prize (1996) (Jewish father)
• Ludwig Mond, chemist & industrialist
• Max Perutz, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1962)
• Michael Polanyi, polymath

Biologists

• Walter Bodmer, geneticist
• Sydney Brenner, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
• Ernst Chain, co-developer of penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945)
• Rosalind Franklin, molecular biologist
• Alan Fersht, protein folding
• Susan Greenfield, neuroscientist and writer
• Waldemar Haffkine, pioneer of cholera vaccine
• Alick Isaacs , co-discoverer of interferon
• Bernard Katz, biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)
• Hans Kosterlitz , discoverer of endorphins
• Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)
• César Milstein, immunologist, Nobel Prize (1984)
• Leslie Orgel, evolutionary biologist
• Steven Rose, biologist
• Miriam Rothschild, entomologist
• Oliver Sacks, neurologist and author
• John Vane, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1982) (Jewish father)
• Robert Winston, fertility expert and broadcaster
• Lewis Wolpert , developmental biologist and broadcaster

Mathematicians

• Jacob Bronowski, mathematician & broadcaster
• Benjamin Gompertz, mathematician
• Ruth Lawrence, mathematician & child prodigy
• Louis Mordell, number theorist
• Richard Rado, mathematician
• Klaus Roth, mathematician, Fields Medal (1958)
• James Joseph Sylvester, mathematician

Computer scientists

• Samson Abramsky, computer scientist (unconfirmed)
• David Deutsch, quantum computing pioneer
• I.J. Good, cryptographer & computing pioneer
• David Levy, computer chess expert
• Leo Marks, cryptographer & screenwriter
• Max Newman, mathematician & computing pioneer (Jewish father)
• Gordon Plotkin , computer scientist

Academic figures

Philosophers

• Samuel Alexander, philosopher
• Alfred Ayer, philosopher
• Isaiah Berlin, political philosopher
• H. L. A. Hart, legal philosopher
• Imre Lakatos, philosopher of science
• Karl Popper, philosopher of science
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher

Social scientists

• Michael Balint , psychoanalyst
• Simon Baron-Cohen, autism researcher
• Zygmunt Bauman, sociologist
• Basil Bernstein , linguist
• Meyer Fortes , anthropologist
• Anna Freud, child psychoanalyst
• Paul Hirst , social theorist (Jewish mother)
• Marie Jahoda, psychology of discrimination
• Melanie Klein, psychotherapist
• Judd Marmor , psychiatrist (UK-born)
• Ashley Montagu, anthropologist & humanist

Economists

• Peter Bauer , economist
• Noreena Hertz , economist & activist
• Richard F. Kahn , economist: multiplier
• Nicholas Kaldor, economist
• Israel Kirzner, economist (UK-born)
• Harold Laski, economist
• David Ricardo, economist
• Piero Sraffa, economist

Historians

• Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, historian
• Isaac Deutscher, historian
• Martin Gilbert, historian
• Eric Hobsbawm, historian
• Bernard Lewis, historian
• Simon Sebag Montefiore , historian
• Lewis Namier, historian
• Simon Schama, historian
• Aurel Stein, archeologist

Showbusiness

Film actors

• Alfie Bass, comic actor
• Claire Bloom, actress
• Orlando Bloom, actor (Jewish father: non-biological, he later discovered)
• Eleanor Bron, actress and name inspiration for Eleanor Rigby
• Helena Bonham Carter, actress (mother's family of Jewish origin)
• Katrin Cartlidge, actress (Jewish mother)
• Daniel Day Lewis, actor (Jewish mother)
• Marty Feldman, comic actor
• Laurence Harvey, actor
• Leslie Howard, actor
• Jason Isaacs, actor
• Sid James, comic actor
• Miriam Margolyes, actress
• Ron Moody, actor
• Sophie Okonedo, actress (Jewish mother)
• Alicia Silverstone, actress (British parents)
• Ione Skye, actress (UK-born; Jewish mother)
• Elizabeth Taylor, actress (convert)
• Rachel Weisz, actress

TV actors

• Tom Baker, lead in Doctor Who (Jewish father, raised Catholic)
• Dani Behr, tv presenter
• Lionel Blair, tv entertainer
• Joan Collins, Alexis Carrington in Dynasty (Jewish father)
• Vanessa Feltz, tv presenter
• Lesley Joseph , Dorian in Birds of a Feather
• Natasha Kaplinsky, tv presenter (Jewish father)
• Felicity Kendal, Barbara Good in The Good Life (convert)
• Maureen Lipman, tv actress
• Kay Mellor, actress & scriptwriter
• Warren Mitchell, Alf Garnett in Til Death Us Do Part
• Sharon Osbourne, herself in The Osbournes (Jewish father)
• Esther Rantzen, presenter of That's Life!, founder of ChildLine
• Gaby Roslin, tv presenter
• Andrew Sachs, Manuel in Fawlty Towers (Jewish father)
• Emma Samms, tv actress
• Jane Seymour, lead in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (Jewish father)
• David Suchet, lead in Hercule Poirot (Jewish father)
• Clive Swift, Richard Bucket from Keeping Up Appearances
• David Swift, Henry from Drop the Dead Donkey

Directors/producers

• Michael Balcon, producer
• Oscar Deutsch, founder of Odeon cinemas
• Stephen Frears, director (Jewish mother)
• Sidney J. Furie , director
• Jonathan Glazer, director
• Michael Grade, BBC executive
• Alexander Korda, director & producer
• Zoltan Korda , director
• Mike Leigh, director
• Richard Lester, director
• Jonathan Lynn, director
• Sam Mendes, director (Jewish mother)
• Emeric Pressburger, director
• Irving Rapper, director (UK-born)
• Karel Reisz, director
• John Schlesinger, director
• Michael Winner, director
• Alan Yentob, BBC executive

Comedians

• Ronni Ancona, impressionist
• David Baddiel, comedian
• Sacha Baron Cohen, impressionist, Ali G
• Arnold Brown, comedian
• Ben Elton, comedian & writer
• Bud Flanagan, comedian & actor
• Stephen Fry, comedian & actor (Jewish mother)
• Paul Kaye, comedian & actor, Dennis Pennis
• Matt Lucas, comedian
• Jerry Sadowitz, comedian
• Alexei Sayle, comedian & communist
• Peter Sellers, comedian & actor (Jewish mother)
• Ruby Wax, comedian (UK-based)

Theatre

• Peter Brook, director
• Georgia Brown , musical theatre actress
• Maria Friedman , musical theatre actress
• Hermione Gingold, actress
• Henry Goodman , actor
• Nicholas Hytner, director
• Jonathan Miller, director
• Anthony Sher, actor
• Janet Suzman, actress
• Sam Wanamaker, the Globe Theatre project
• Zoe Wanamaker, actress (Jewish father)

Other

• Rabbi Lionel Blue, radio broadcaster
• Caprice Bourret, model
• Alicia Markova, dancer

Musicians

Popular musicians

• Bert Ambrose, bandleader
• Nicole, Natalie Appleton & Melanie Blatt, members of All Saints (Appletons half-Jewish)
• Marc Bolan, member of T. Rex
• Elkie Brooks, singer, member of Vinegar Joe
• Ian Broudie, member of The Lightning Seeds
• Johnny Clegg, South African musician (UK-born)
• Alma Cogan, singer
• Anthony Costa , member of Blue
• Victor Feldman , jazz musician
• Justine Frischmann, member of Elastica
• Graham Gouldman , Lol Creme & Kevin Godley, members of 10cc
• Mick Green, guitarist for Johnny Kidd & the Pirates
• Peter Green, member of Fleetwood Mac
• Mick Hucknall, member of Simply Red (Jewish mother)
• Mick Jones, member of The Clash (Jewish mother)
• Jason Kay, member of Jamiroquai
• Mark Knopfler, member of Dire Straits (Jewish father)
• Paul Kossoff, member of Free
• Jon Moss, member of Culture Club
• Manfred Mann, R&B keyboardist
• Oi Va Voi , klezmer/electronica band
• Keith Reid & Matthew Fisher , founding members of Procol Harum
• Gavin Rossdale, member of Bush (raised by half Jewish father)
• Ronnie Scott, saxophonist & jazz club owner
• Helen Shapiro, singer
• Shlomo , beatboxer
• Derek , Ray & Phil Shulman , members of Gentle Giant
• Nancy Spungen, girlfriend of Sid Vicious
• Rachel Stevens, singer & former member of S Club 7
• Lewis Taylor, singer/songwirter
• Frankie Vaughan, singer
• Scott Walker, singer/songwriter (unconfirmed)
• John Weider , member of Eric Burdon & the New Animals
• Louise Wener, member of Sleeper
• Amy Winehouse, singer/songwriter
• Eric Woolfson, member of Alan Parsons Project

Producers/managers

• Chris Blackwell, founder of Island Records (Jewish mother)
• Brian Epstein, manager of the Beatles
• Harvey Goldsmith , rock impressario
• Malcolm McLaren, manager of the Sex Pistols (Jewish mother)
• Daniel Miller , founder of Mute Records
• Andrew Loog Oldham, manager of the Rolling Stones (Jewish single mother)
• Geoff Travis , founder of Rough Trade Records

Classical musicians

• Harriet Cohen, pianist
• Solomon Cutner, pianist
• Jacqueline du Pré, cellist (convert)
• Benjamin Frankel, composer
• George Henschel, singer & conductor
• Myra Hess, pianist
• Steven Isserlis, cellist
• Yehudi Menuhin, conductor & violinist (UK-based)
• Benno Moiseiwitsch, pianist
• Yfrah Neaman, violinist & teacher
• Michael Nyman, composer
• Murray Perahia, pianist (UK-based)
• Landon Ronald, conductor & composer
• Robert Simpson, composer
• Georg Solti, conductor
• Lionel Tertis, cellist

Songwriters

• Lionel Bart, musicals writer
• Don Black , lyricist
• Eric Maschwitz, lyricist, writer & broadcaster
• David Rose, songwriter & composer
• Jule Styne, songwriter (UK-born)

Writers

Authors

• Lisa Appignanesi , novelist
• Alain de Botton, writer
• Anita Brookner, novelist
• Elias Canetti, novelist, Nobel Prize (1981)
• Jackie Collins, romantic novelist (Jewish father)
• Eleanor Farjeon, children's writer (Jewish father)
• Leonard Feather , jazz writer
• Antonia Forest, children's writer (Jewish father)
• Neil Gaiman, fantasy writer
• Linda Grant , novelist
• Zoë Heller, author (Jewish father)
• Howard Jacobson , writer & broadcaster
• Judith Kerr, children's writer
• Arthur Koestler, novelist & critic
• Claudia Roden , food writer
• Bernice Rubens, novelist
• Will Self, novelist (Jewish mother)
• Muriel Spark, novelist (Jewish father)
• Leonard Woolf, writer & activist
• Helen Zahavi , novelist

Poets

• Al Alvarez, poet
• Bryher, poet (probably Jewish father)
• Denise Levertov, poet (Jewish father)
• Amy Levy, poet & novelist
• Mina Loy, poet (Jewish father)
• Isaac Rosenberg, war poet
• Siegfried Sassoon, war poet (Jewish father)
• Stephen Spender, poet & essayist (Jewish mother)

Playwrights

• Peter Barnes, playwright
• Ronald Harwood, playwright & screenwriter
• Patrick Marber, playwright & comedian
• Harold Pinter, playwright
• Jack Rosenthal, TV playwright
• Peter & Anthony Shaffer, playwrights
• Tom Stoppard, playwright
• Arnold Wesker, playwright

Journalists

• David Aaronovitch, journalist (Jewish father)
• Nick Cohen, journalist
• John Diamond, journalist
• Jonathan Freedland, journalist
• Anthony Holden, journalist & biographer
• Fay Maschler , restaurant critic
• Nigella Lawson, journalist, cookery writer & broadcaster
• Bernard Levin, journalist & broadcaster
• Melanie Phillips, journalist
• Marjorie Proops, agony aunt
• Kimberly Quinn, publisher (UK-based)
• Claire Rayner, agony aunt

Artists

Fine arts

• Frank Auerbach, painter
• David Bomberg, painter
• Anthony Caro, sculptor
• Jacob Epstein, sculptor (UK-based)
• Hannah Frank, artist & sculptor
• Lucian Freud, painter
• Mark Gertler , painter
• Ernst Gombrich, art historian
• Anish Kapoor, sculptor (Jewish mother)
• R.B. Kitaj, painter (UK-based)
• Leon Kossoff , painter
• David Sylvester , art critic

Designers

• Misha Black , industrial designer (unconfirmed)
• Elizabeth Emanuel , fashion designer
• Nicole Farhi , fashion designer
• Abram Games , poster designer
• Stella McCartney, fashion designer (Jewish mother)
• Janet Reger , lingerie designer
• Vidal Sassoon, hair stylist
• Hans Schleger , graphics designer

Business

Food

• Jack Cohen, founder of Tesco
• Jacob "the Jew", founder of the first European coffeehouse (Oxford, 1650)
• Adam & Sam Kaye , founders of Ask Pizza
• Phillip Kaye , founder of Garfunkel's
• Joseph Lyons et al, founders of J. Lyons and Co.
• Joseph Malin , founder of the first fish and chips shop (London, 1860)

Retail

• Marilyn & Yoram Anselm , founders of Hobbs
• Ralph , David & Jacqueline Gold , founders of Ann Summers
• Philip Green, owner of Bhs, Arcadia Group
• Stanley Kalms , founder of Dixons
• Michael Marks, co-founder of Marks & Spencer
• Stephen Marks , founder of FCUK
• Joseph Nathan , founder of Glaxo
• Stephen Rubin , founder of Pentland , Reebok
• Marcus Samuel , founder of Shell Oil
• Jez San, founder of Argonaut (unconfirmed)
• Peter Simon , founder of Monsoon & Accessorize
• Alan Sugar, founder of Amstrad
• Isaac Wolfson , founder of GUS plc & philanthropist
• Selim Zilkha , founder of Mothercare (while UK-based)

Media

• Sidney Bernstein , founder of Granada Television
• Benjamin Cohen, former teenage dot.com millionaire
• Richard Desmond, publisher
• Lew Grade, founder of ATV
• Michael Green, founder of Carlton Television
• Joseph Moses Levy , founder of the Daily Telegraph
• Harry Marks , founder of the Financial Times
• Tom Maschler , literary publisher, Booker Prize founder
• Robert Maxwell, publisher
• Paul Reuter, founder of Reuters
• Maurcie & Charles Saatchi, founders of Saatchi and Saatchi
• Martin Sorrell , founder of the WPP Group

Finance

• Aaron of Lincoln, 12th century financier
• Lloyd Dorfman , founder of Travelex
• David Goldman , founder of The Sage Group
• Moses Haim Montefiore, financier & philanthropist
• Michael Moritz, venture capitalist
• Nathan Mayer Rothschild, financier & banker

Sports

Boxing

• Barney Aaron , 19th century boxer (IBHOF)
• Jackie Kid Berg , Junior Welterweight Champion (IBHOF)
• Dutch Sam Elias , 19th century boxer, inventor of the uppercut (IBHOF)
• Ted Kid Lewis , World Welterweight Champion (IBHOF)
• Daniel Mendoza, 18th century Heavyweight Champion (IBHOF)
• Jack Solomons , boxing promoter (IBHOF)

Other

• Harold Abrahams, sprinter
• David Beckham, football player (Jewish maternal grandfather)
• Angela Buxton , tennis player
• Isidor Gunsberg, chess player
• Ludwig Guttmann, founder of the Paralympics
• Edward Lawrence Levy , first weightlifting World Champion
• Ivor Goldsmid Montagu , co-founder and president of the ITTF
• Albert Rosenfeld , rugby league player (RFL Hall of Fame)

See also

• History of the Jews in England
• List of Jews
• List of Britons