Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
List of Finnish monarchs
This is a list of rulers of Finland, that is, the Kings, ruling Dukes and Queen of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the Grand Dukes of Finland (identical with the Tsars of Russia), up to the brief Kingdom of Finland at independence in 1918. This includes:
- The Swedish kingdom (from the Swedish expansion in Finland) (1154-1389)
- The Kalmar Union (the United Kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden) (1389-1523)
- The Kingdom of Sweden ("Sweden-Finland") (1523-1809)
- The Grand Duchy of Finland (in the Russian Empire) (1809-1917)
- The Kingdom of Finland (1917-1919)
The kingdom was superseded by the Republic of Finland with the republican constitution of 17 July, 1919.
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Swedish rulers
Swedish influence in Finland was considerable in pre-Christian times. The Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in commerce and plundering. Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden began in 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by King Eric IX of Sweden (Saint Eric).
The Houses of Sverker and Eric
- 1130-1156 : Sverker I of Sweden (Sverker I) - The House of Sverker
- 1156-1160 : Eric the Saint (Eerik IX) - The House of Eric
- 1160-1167 : Charles VII of Sweden (Kaarle VII) - The House of Sverker
- 1167-1195 : Canute I of Sweden (Knuut I) - The House of Eric
- 1196-1208 : Sverker II of Sweden (Sverker II) - The House of Sverker
- 1208-1216 : Eric X of Sweden (Eerik X) - The House of Eric
- 1216-1222 : John I of Sweden (Juhana I) - The House of Sverker
- 1222-1229 : Eric XI of Sweden (Eerik XI) - The House of Eric
- 1229-1234 : Canute II of Sweden (Knuut II)
- 1234-1250 : Eric XII of Sweden (Eerik XII) - The House of Eric
The House of Folkung
- 1250-1275 : Valdemar of Sweden (Valdemar)
- 1275-1290 : Magnus I of Sweden (Maunu Ladonlukko)
- 1290-1318 : Birger of Sweden (Birger)
- 1319-1364 : Magnus II of Sweden (Maunu II)
- 1363-1395 : Albert of Mecklenburg (Albrekt Mecklenburgilainen)
Regents of the Kalmar Union and Viceroys (Riksföreståndare)
- 1389-1412 : Margaret I of Sweden (Margareeta)
- 1396-1439 : Eric of Pomerania (Eerik XIII Pommerilainen)
- 1438-1440 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Kaarle VIII)
- 1441-1448 : Christopher of Bavaria (Kristofer Baijarilainen)
- 1448-1448 : Viceroys Bengt and Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna
- 1448-1457 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Kaarle VIII)
- 1457-1457 : Viceroys Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna and Eric Axelsson Tott
- 1457-1464 : Christian I of Sweden (Kristian I)
- 1464-1465 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Kaarle VIII)
- 1465-1465 : Viceroy Kettil Karlsson Vasa
- 1465-1466 : Viceroy Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
- 1466-1467 : Viceroy Eric Axelsson Tott
- 1467-1470 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Kaarle VIII)
- 1470-1497 : Viceroy Sten Sture the elder (Sten Sture den äldre)
- 1497-1501 : John II of Sweden (Juhana II)
- 1501-1503 : Viceroy Sten Sture the elder (Sten Sture vanhempi)
- 1504-1511 : Viceroy Svante Sture (Svante Nilsson Sture)
- 1512-1512 : Viceroy Eric Trolle
- 1512-1520 : Viceroy Sten Sture the younger (Sten Sture nuorempi)
- 1520-1521 : Christian II of Sweden (Kristian II)
The House of Vasa
- 1521-1560 : Gustav I of Sweden (Kustaa I Vaasa)
- As Gustav Vasa, viceroy 1521-1523
- 1560-1568 : Eric XIV of Sweden (Eerik XIV)
- 1568-1592 : John III of Sweden (Juhana III)
- 1592-1599 : Sigismund of Sweden (Sigismund)
- 1599-1611 : Charles IX of Sweden (Kaarle IX)
- As Duke Charles, viceroy 1599-1604
- 1611-1632 : Gustav Adolphus the great (Kustaa II Aadolf)
- 1632-1654 : Christina of Sweden (Kristiina)
The House of Palatinate
- 1654-1660 : Charles X Gustav of Sweden (Kaarle X Kustaa)
- 1660-1697 : Charles XI of Sweden (Kaarle XI)
- 1697-1718 : Charles XII of Sweden (Kaarle XII)
- 1719-1720 : Ulrike Eleonora of Sweden (Ulrika Eleonora)
The House of Hesse
- 1720-1751 : Frederick I of Sweden (Fredrik I)
The House of Holstein-Gottorp
- 1751-1771 : Adolf Frederick of Sweden (Aadolf Fredrik)
- 1771-1792 : Gustav III of Sweden (Kustaa III)
- 1792-1809 : Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (Kustaa IV Aadolf)
Russian rulers
Grand Dukes of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinas)
The House of Romanov
- 1809-1825 : Alexander I of Russia (Aleksanteri I)
- 1825-1855 : Nicholas I of Russia (Nikolai I)
- 1855-1881 : Alexander II of Russia (Aleksanteri II)
- 1881-1894 : Alexander III of Russia (Aleksanteri III)
- 1894-1917 : Nicholas II of Russia (Nikolai II)
Independence
Acting Heads of State
- November 7,1917 - November 15,1917 : Eemil Nestor Setälä
- November 15,1917 - November 28,1917 : Otto Johannes Lundson
- November 28,1917 - May 18,1918 : Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
(Regents or Protectors of State (Suomen valtionhoitaja) are listed under Presidents of Finland)
The House of Hesse
- October 9, 1918 - December 14, 1918 : Väinö I of Finland (Friedrich Karl von Hessen) - elected by the Eduskunta
See also
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