The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists and engineers that lived up until the modern age.

Pre-modern era

• Abdol-Hamid , founder of Arabic prose along with the fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa.
• Abhari, mathematician.
• Abu Nasr e Mansur, mathematician.
• Abu Wafa Buzjani, mathematician.
• Adhad o Dowleh , of the Buwayhid dynasty, responsible for the construction of Band-i Amir, a Dam in Shiraz in 960AD.
• Ala'eddin , constructed the Counterweight Trebuchet for Kubilai. He was thus honoured in the official history of China's Yuan dynasty. (p119)
• al-fadl ibn Naubakht
• Alhazen, or Ebne Heisam in Persian.
• Avicenna (Ibn Sina), physician, philosopher
• Azophi, a.k.a. Abdorrahman Sufi, astronomer from Ray that invented the meridian ring.
• Bahai, Sheikh
• Bal'ami , Samanid era scholar.
• Balkhi, a.k.a. Albumasar. Mathematician.
• Bani Musa, Hasan , Astronomer.
• Bani Musa, Ahmad , Astronomer.
• Bani Musa, Mohammad , Astronomer.
• Barmak, Khaled , a former Bhuddist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur. Initiated the Greek translation movement of the Abbasid House of Wisdom.
• Bukhtishu, famous Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur.
• Burzoe , a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib. Famous physician of Academy of Gundishapur.
• Biruni, astronomer, mathematician
• Farabi, (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), chemist
• Farghani, a.k.a. Alfraganus. Astronomer.
• Farsi, mathematician.
• Fazari, Ibrahim
• Fazari, Mohammad
• Ghazzali, philosopher.
• Jarrah was a learned Persian vizier from Khorasan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
• Ghiyaseddin Jamsheed Kashani, mathematician
• Hallaj, Mystic-philosopher.
• Harawi, Abolfadl. Astronomer of Buyid dynasty.
• Hayyan, Jaber ebne, a.k.a. Geber. Chemist.
• Ibn Shater , astronomer who made modifications to Ptolemy's model to account for discrepancies in observations.
• Isfahani Abol-fath, mathematician.
• Istakhri , prominent geographer of 10th century. Gives the earliest known account of windmills.
• Karaji, mathematician.
• Khazeni, Abu Jafar, mathematician.
• Khazeni, Abolfath, physicist.
• Khujandi, mathematician and astronomer.
• Khwarizmi (aka Al-Khwarazmi) creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
• Kushyar ibn Labban , mathematician.[1]
• Kuhi, Rostam, mathematician.
• Lev Landau, born in Baku, part of Iran until 1828. [2]
• Mahani , mathematician. [3]
• Majusi, Ibn Abbas, physician.
• Marwazi , astronomer and mathematician from Merv, who lived in Baghdad. He first introduced the idea of "Tangents" in Trigonometry.
• Masawaiyh or Masuya. Famous Christian Persian physician of Academy of Gundishapur.
• Mashallah, a former Jew from Khorasan, who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad.
• Masihi Gorgani, Avicenna's master.
• Miskawayh , philosopher.
• Mozaffar ibn Ismail of Herat. Predecessor, physicist, and original author of Khazeni's Balance of Wisdom.
• Mullasadra, philosopher.
• Muqaffa, Ibn, founder of Arabic prose along with the fellow Persian AbdolHamid .
• Muqaddasī , prominent geographer.
• Muwaffaq, Abu mansur, pharmacologist.
• Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar.
• Nahavandi, Ahmad , prominent Astronomer of the 800s.
• Nasavi , mathematician. [4]
• Natili Tabari, physician.
• Naubakht , Zoroastrian designer of the city of Baghdad.
• Nayrizi , mathematician. [5]
• Omar Khayyam, poet, mathematician, and astronomist
• Qazi Zadeh , prominent mathematician
• Qazwini , mathematician
• Rhazes (Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi), chemist and physicist
• Saghani Ostorlabi, astronomer.
• Sahl, Fadl ibn , learned Persian Vizier of Khorasan, who served under Al-Ma'mun.
• Sahl, Shapur ibn , Famous physician of Academy of Gundishapur. Wrote one of the first medical books on antidotes called Aqrabadhin.
• Samarqandi, Ashraf , mathematician, astronomer.[6]
• Sarakhsi, Ahmad tayyeb , Famous physician of Academy of Gundishapur d900.
• Shirazi, Qutbeddin , astronomer.
• Sijzi, mathematician.
• Sufi, Abdol-rahman: see Azophi.
• Sorevardi, Shahabeddin. d1234. Philosopher.
• Tabari, prominent historian.
• Tabari, Abul Hasan, physician.
• Tabari, Ibn Sahl, Jewish convert physician. Master of Rhazes.
• Tahir, Abdollah ibn . A medieval governor of Khorasan. Wrote Kitab al-Quniy, discussing irrigation techniques.
• Tāriq, Yaqub ibn
• Tusi, Nasireddin, mathematician, philosopher.
• Tusi, Sharafeddin, mathematician.
• Ulugh Beg, Turkish-Persian astronomer.
• Urdi, Mo'ayyeduddin , astronomer who made modifications to Ptolemy's model to account for discrepancies in observations.
• Yazdad, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Merv, Khorasan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
• Yumn, Nazif ibn
• Zaiyat, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Gilan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
• Zamakhshari

Contemporary

See special page on contemporary Iranian scientists and engineers.