Historical kingdoms and empires

The following listed kingdoms and empires were at some time ruled by Turkic kings/khans/shahs or dynasties. Mentioning of any particular entity in this place should not be read to mean that the entity as a whole was Turkic or even had more than a significant minority of Turkic subjects.

• Huns
  • Great Huns (13th century BCE-1st century)
  • Western Huns (379-496)
  • White Huns (Hephthalites) (5th-7th century)
• Gokturk State (552-744)
• Avars (6th-9th century)
• Great Bulgaria (6th-7th century)
• Pechenegs (860-1091)
• Khazars (7th-10th century)
• Uyghur State (744-840)
• Kara-Khanid Khanate (840-1042)
• Volga Bulgaria (800-1236)
• Ghaznavid Empire (962-1187)
• Khwarezm-Shahs (1097-1231)
• Seljuk Turks (1073-1307)
• Mamluks (1250-1517)
• Khanate of Kazan (1438-1552)
• Khanate of Astrakhan (1430s-1554)
• Siberia Khanate (1430s-1576)
• Qasim Khanate (15th -17th century)
• Khanate of Crimea (1441-1783)
• Jagoldai (15th-17th century)
• Safavids (1502-1737)
• Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)

Modern Turkic Countries

• Azerbaijan (established 1991)
• Kazakhstan (established 1991)
• Kyrgyzstan (established 1991)
• Turkey (established 1923)
• Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (established 1975)
• Turkmenistan (established 1991)
• Uzbekistan (established 1991)

Autonomous Turkic republics in the Russian Federation

• Altai
• Bashkortostan
• Chuvashia
• Khakassia
• Tatarstan
• Tuva

Other Autonomous Turkic regions

• Gagauzia, in Moldova
• Xinjiang, in People's Republic of China

Turkic-Mongolian States

• Turkic-Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan (13th century)
• Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) (1227-1502)
• Turkic-Mongol Empire of Timur Lenk (1370-1506)
• Mogul Empire of Babur (1526-1858)