Cheese by place of origin:

Africa

Egypt

• Sardo cheese
• Testouri cheese

South Africa

• Bokmakiri cheese
• Kwaito cheese
• Wookie cheese

Asia

Middle East

• Ackawi cheese
• Basket cheese
• Labneh
• Jibneh Arabieh cheese
• Kenafa cheese
• Naboulsi cheese

India

• Paneer

Europe

Austria

• Affineur
• Bergkäse
• Brimsen
• Dachsteiner
• Tyrolean grey cheese
• Luneberg

Belgium

• Beauvoorde cheese
• Brussels' cheese
• Herve cheese
• Limburger cheese
• Maredsous cheese
• Passendale cheese
• Plateau de Herve cheese
• Postel cheese
• Prince-Jean cheese
• Remedou cheese
• Rodoric cheese
• Rubens cheese

Denmark

• Danish blue cheese
• Havarti cheese or Cream Havarti
• Saga cheese

Finland

• Lappi cheese
• Leipäjuusto (Sandwich cheese)
• Raejuusto (Finnish cottage cheese)
• Uunijuusto (Baked cheese)

France

• See List of French cheeses

Germany

• Allgäu Emmental cheese
• Cambozola cheese
• Hartzer cheese
• Limburger cheese
• Munster cheese
• Tilsit cheese

Greece/Mediterranean

• Feta cheese
• Formaella cheese - Arachova
• Graviera cheese
• Halloumi cheese (Cyprus)
• Kasseri cheese
• Kefalotyri cheese
• Mizithra cheese
• Zipouro cheese (with grapelike liquor) - Arachova

Ireland

• Dubliner cheese
• Gubbin cheese
• Doolin cheese

Italy

See also List of Italian PDO cheeses

• Asiago cheese
• Bel paese cheese
• Caciocavallo cheese
• Caciotta Di Urbano cheese
• Casu modde cheese
• Fiore Sardo cheese
• Fontina cheese
• Gorgonzola cheese
• Grana Padano cheese
• Joddu
• Mascarpone cheese
• Montasio cheese
• Mozzarella cheese
• Parmesan cheese or Parmigiano Reggiano
• Provolone cheese (also in smoked version)
• Quagliato
• Ricotta cheese
• Robiola cheese
• Pecorino Romano cheese
• Taleggio cheese

Netherlands

• Edam cheese
• Frisian cheese
• Gouda cheese and Smoked Gouda
• Leerdammer cheese
• Leyden cheese
• Maasdam cheese

Norway

• Gamalost cheese
• Gjetost cheese
• Graddost cheese
• Jarlsberg cheese
• Nökkelost cheese
• Norvegia cheese
• Snøfrisk cheese

Poland

• Bundz
• Gołka
• Oscypek
• Redykołka

Portugal

• Queijo da serra
• Queijo fresco
• Requeijão

Slovak republic

• Bryndza
• Ostiepok
• Zincica

Spain

• Burgos cheese
• Cabrales cheese (Asturias)
• Idiazabal cheese (Basque)
• Manchego cheese (La Mancha, Castile-La Mancha)
• Maó cheese (Minorca, Balearic Islands)
• Mató cheese (Catalonia)
• Ronkari cheese (Basque)
• Serrat cheese (Pallars, Catalonia)
• Tetilla cheese (Galicia)
• Tupí cheese (Catalonia)

Sweden

• Herrgård cheese

Switzerland

• Appenzell cheese
• Büsciun da cavra
• Emmental cheese, generally known in the U.S. as Swiss cheese
• Gruyère cheese (AOC, western Switzerland)
• L'Etivaz (AOC, Alps and Prealps vaudoises)
• Raclette cheese
• Sap Sago
• Sbrinz (AOC, central Switzerland)
• Tete de Moine (AOC, Jura)
• Tilsiter Switzerland
• Tomme vaudoise
• Vacherin Fribourgeois (AOC, western Switzerland)
• Vacherin Mont d'Or (AOC, north-western Switzerland)

United Kingdom

• See List of British cheeses

North America

Canada

• Oka cheese

Mexico/Central America

• Anejo Enchilado cheese
• Asadero cheese or Chihuahua cheese
• Cotija cheese
• Duroblando cheese
• Oaxaca cheese or "Quesillo"
• Panela cheese
• Queso Blanco
• Queso Fresco
• Queso Quesadilla
• Queso de Papa
• Queso Para Derritier
• Queso Para Freir

United States of America

• American cheese
• Brick cheese
• Colby cheese
• Cottage cheese
• Dry Jack
• Humboldt Fog
• Liederkranz cheese
• Maytag Blue cheese
• Monterey Jack
• Pinconning cheese
• Pizza cheese
• String cheese
• Washington Valley Swiss cheese

South America

Brazil

• Catupiry
• Minas
• Reino

Other

• Farmer cheese (many local varieties)
• Venezuelan Beaver cheese (as immortalised in Monty Python's Cheese Shop sketch)

The following cheeses remain unclassified. Can anyone help out?

• Duncan Drake Bleu cheese
• St. Joseph Sweet cheese