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List of state leaders in 1988

Contents

3 Australia and Oceania

6 North America and the Caribbean

7 South America

Africa

Algeria -
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Abdelhamid Brahimi , Prime Minister of Algeria (1984-1988)
  2. Kasdi Merbah, Prime Minister of Algeria (1988-1989)
Angola - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991) and Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin (1979-1990)
Botswana - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
Burkina Faso - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
Burundi -
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987-1993)
- Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana , Prime Minister of Burundi (19 October 1988 - 1993)
Cameroon - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
Cape Verde -
- President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
- Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
Central African Republic - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1986-1993, Head of State 1981-1986)
Chad - Hissène Habré, President of Chad (1982-1990)
Comoros - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)
Congo -
- Chairman of the Communist Party - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (1979-1991)
- President - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President of Congo (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister - Ange-Édouard Poungui , Prime Minister of Congo (1984-1989)
Côte d'Ivoire - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
Djibouti -
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
Equatorial Guinea -
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
- Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)
Ethiopia -
- President - Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1987-1991, Head of State 1977-1987)
- Prime Minister - Fikre-Selassie Wogderess , Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987-1989)
Gabon -
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
- Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame , Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1994)
The Gambia - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of the Gambia (1970-1994)
Ghana - Jerry John Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981-2001)
Guinea - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)
Guinea-Bissau - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State (1984-1994, President 1994-1999)
Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
Lesotho -
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970-1990)
- Head of Government - Justin Metsing Lekhanya , Chairman of the Military Council (1986-1991)
Liberia - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1984-1990, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council 1980-1984)
Libya -
- De Facto Head of State - Muammar al-Qaddafi, Guide of the Revolution (1969-present)
- De Jure Head of State - Mifta al-Usta Umar , General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1984-1990)
- Head of Government - Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, General Secretary of the General People's Committee (1987-1990)
Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975-1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Désiré Rakotoarijaona , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977-1988)
  2. Victor Ramahatra , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988-1991)
Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (1966-1994)
Mali -
- President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1979-1991, Head of State 1968-1979)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mamadou Dembelé , Prime Minister of Mali (1986-1988)
  2. None (1988-1991)
Mauritania -
- Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Head of State (1984-1992, President 1992-present)
- Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)
Mauritius -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1986-1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986-1992, President 1992)
- Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
Morocco -
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961-1999)
- Prime Minister - Azzedine Laraki , Prime Minister of Morocco (1986-1992)
Mozambique -
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo , Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986-1994)
Niger -
- Head of State - Ali Saibou, President of the Supreme Military Council (1987-1989, President 1989-1993)
Nigeria - Ibrahim Babangida, President and Chairman of the Armed Forces Ruling Council (1985-1993)
Rwanda - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)
- Prime Minister -
  1. none (1979-1988)
  2. Celestino Rocha da Costa , Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988-1991)
Senegal - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
Sierra Leone - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985-1992)
Somalia -
- President - Muhammad Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1976-1991, Head of State 1969-1976)
- Prime Minister - Muhammad Ali Samatar , Prime Minister of Somalia (1987-1990)
South Africa - Pieter Willem Botha, State President of South Africa (1984-1989)
The Sudan -
- Head of State - Ahmad al-Mirghani , Chairman of the Supreme Council (1986-1989)
- Prime Minister - Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1986-1989)
Swaziland -
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Sotsha Dlamini , Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986-1989)
Tanzania -
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985-1995)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Warioba , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985-1990)
Togo - Gnassingbe Eyadema, President of Togo (1967-present)
Tunisia -
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987-present)
- Prime Minister - Hédi Baccouche , Prime Minister of Tunisia (1987-1989)
Uganda -
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Samson Kisekka , Prime Minister of Uganda (1986-1991)
Western Sahara (disputed with Morocco) -
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1982-present, Head of State 1976-1982)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed , Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1985-1988)
  2. Mahfoud Ali Beiba , Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1988-1993)
Zaire -
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)
- Head of Government -
  1. Mabi Mulumba , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1987-1988)
  2. Sambwa Pida Nbagui , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988)
  3. Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988-1990)
Zambia -
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)
- Prime Minister - Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-1989)
Zimbabwe - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)

Asia

Afghanistan -
- General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party - Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1986-1992)
- President - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981-1988)
  2. Mohammad Hassan Sharq , Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1988-1989)
Bangladesh -
- President - Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983-1990)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury , Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1986-1988)
  2. Moudud Ahmed , Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1988-1989)
Bhutan - Jigme Singye Wangchuk, King of Bhutan (1972-present)
Brunei -
- Monarch - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Sultan (1967-present)
- Prime Minister - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984-present)
Burma -
- Head of State -
  1. San Yu , President of Burma (1981-1988)
  2. Sein Lwin , President of Burma (1988)
  3. Aye Ko , Acting President of Burma (1988)
  4. Maung Maung , President of Burma (1988)
  5. Saw Maung, Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Burma (1988-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Maung Maung Kha , Prime Minister of Burma (1977-1988)
  2. Tun Tin , Prime Minister of Burma (1988)
  3. Saw Maung, Prime Minister of Burma (1988-1992)
People's Republic of China -
- de facto leader - Deng Xiaoping (late 1970s-early 1990s)
- Communist Party Leader - Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1987-1989)
- President -
  1. Li Xiannian, President of the People's Republic of China (1983-1988)
  2. Yang Shangkun, President of the People's Republic of China (1988-1993)
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)
India -
- President - Ramaswamy Venkataraman, President of India (1987-1992)
- Prime Minister - Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984-1989)
Indonesia - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967-1998)
Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
- President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
- Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
Japan -
- Monarch - Showa Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
- Prime Minister - Noboru Takeshita, Prime Minister of Japan (1987-1989)
Kampuchea -
- Secretary General of the Communist Party - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (1981-1991)
- Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1981-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kampuchea (1985-1993)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea -
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il Sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1948-1994)
- President - Kim Il Sung, President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1972-1994)
- Head of Government - Yon Hyong Muk , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1992)
Republic of Korea -
- President -
  1. Chun Doo-hwan, President of the Republic of Korea (1980-1988)
  2. Roh Tae-woo, President of the Republic of Korea (1988-1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kim Chung-yul , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1987-1988)
  2. Lee Hyun-jae , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988)
  3. Kang Young-hoon , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988-1990)
Laos
- General Secretary of the Communist Party - Kaysone Phomvihan, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1955-1991, leading role in the state from 1975)
- President - Souphanouvong (1975-1991), President of Laos (1975-1991)
- Acting President - Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President of Laos (1986-1991)
- Head of Government - Kaysone Phomvihan, Chairman of the Counil of Ministers (1975-1991)
Malaysia -
- Monarch - Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail , Paramount Ruler of Malaysia (1984-1989)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
Maldives - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978-present)
Mongolia -
- Communist Party Leader - Jambn Batmönh , General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1984-1990)
- Head of State - Jambyn Batmönh, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural (1984-1990)
- Head of Government - Dumaagiyn Sodnom , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1984-1990)
Nepal -
- Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
- Prime Minister - Marich Man Singh Shrestha , Prime Minister of Nepal (1986-1990)
Pakistan -
- President -
  1. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978-1988)
  2. Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988-1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mohammad Khan Junejo , Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985-1988)
  2. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988)
  3. none (1988)
  4. Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-1990)
Philippines - Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986-1992)
Singapore -
- President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)
Sri Lanka -
- President - Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
- Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President -
  1. Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (1978-1988)
  2. Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
- Premier - Yü Kuo-hwa , President of the Executive Yuan (1984-1989)
Thailand -
- King - Rama IX, King of Thailand (1946-present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Prem Tinsulanond, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980-1988)
  2. Chatichai Choonhavan , Prime Minister of Thailand (1988-1991)
Vietnam -
- Communist Party Leader - Nguyen Van Linh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1986-1991)
- Head of State - Vo Chi Cong, Chairman of the State Council (1987-1992)
- Head of Government -
  1. Pham Hung , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)
  2. Vo Van Kiet, Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988)
  3. Do Muoi , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1991)

Australia and Oceania

Australia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982-1989)
- Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983-1991)

Fiji -
- President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (5 December, 1987-16 December, 1993)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (5 December, 1987-2 June, 1992)

Kiribati - Ieremia Tienang Tabwai , President of Kiribati (1983-1991)
Nauru - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1986-1989)
New Zealand -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Reeves, Governor-General of New Zealand (1985-1990)
- Prime Minister - David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984-1989)
Papua New Guinea -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Kingsford Dibela , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1983-1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Paias Wingti, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1985-1988)
  2. Rabbie Namaliu, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1988-1992)
Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Baddeley Devesi , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978-1988)
  2. Sir George Lepping , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988-1994)
- Prime Minister - Ezekiel Alebua , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1986-1989)
Tonga -
- Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965-present)
- Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake , Prime Minister of Tonga (1965-1991)
Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tupua Leupena , Governor-General of Tuvalu (1986-1990)
- Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981-1989)
Vanuatu -
- President - Ati George Sokomanu , President of Vanuatu (1984-1989)
- Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1980-1991)
Western Samoa -
- Monarch - Malietoa Tanumafili II, Head of State of Western Samoa (1963-present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Va'ai Kolone , Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1985-1988)
  2. Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988-1998)

Europe

Albania -
- First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985-1991)
- Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982-1991)
- Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1982-1991)
Andorra -
- Co-Princes -
  - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
  - Joan Martí Alanís, Bishop of Urgel (1971-2003)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet , First Syndic of Andorra (1982-1990)
- Head of Government - Josep Pintat-Solans , Head of Government of Andorra (1984-1990)
Austria -
- President - Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria (1986-1992)
- Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986-1997)
Belgium -
- Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
- Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981-1992)
Bulgaria -
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954-1989)
- Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971-1989)
- Premier - Georgi Atanasov , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986-1990)
Cyprus -
1. Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977-1988)
2. Georgios Vasiliou , President of Cyprus (1988-1993)
Czechoslovakia -
- Communist Party Leader - Miloš Jakeš, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1987-1989)
- President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975-1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Lubomír Strougal , Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970-1988)
  2. Ladislav Adamec , Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1988-1989)
Denmark -
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)
Finland -
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1981-1994)
- Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland (1987-1991)
France -
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1986-1988)
  2. Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988-1991)
Federal Republic of Germany -
- President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984-1994)
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1982-1998)
German Democratic Republic -
- Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)
- Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State (1976-1989)
- Head of Government - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976-1989)
Greece -
- President - Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985-1990)
- Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981-1989)
Hungary -
- Communist Party Leader-
  1. János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956-1988)
  2. Károly Grósz, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1988-1989)
- Head of State -
  1. Károly Németh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1987-1988)
  2. Brunó Ferenc Straub , Chairman of the Presidential Council (1988-1989)
- Premier -
  1. Károly Grósz, President of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)
  2. Miklós Németh, President of the Council of Ministers (1988-1990)
Iceland -
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980-1996)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Thorsteinn Pálsson , Prime Minister of Iceland (1987-1988)
  2. Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1988-1991)
Ireland -
- President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)
- Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1987-1992)
Italy -
- President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Giovanni Goria, Prime Minister of Italy (1987-1988)
  2. Ciriaco De Mita, Prime Minister of Italy (1988-1989)
Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938-1989)
- Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam II, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984-1989, Prince 1989-present)
- Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978-1993)
Luxembourg -
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)
Malta -
- Head of State - Paul Xuereb, Acting President of Malta (1987-1989)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987-1996)
Monaco -
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-present)
- Head of Government - Jean Ausseil , Minister of State of Monaco (1985-1991)
Netherlands -
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands(1980-present)
- Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)
Norway -
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957-1991)
- Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1986-1989)
Poland -
- Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Secretary-General of the Polish United Workers' Party (1981-1989)
- Head of State - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Chairman of the Council of State (1985-1989, President 1989-1990)
- Premier -
  1. Zbigniew Messner, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1988)
  2. Mieczyslaw Rakowski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1989)
Portugal -
- President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)
- Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
Romania -
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceausescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965-1989)
- Head of State - Nicolae Ceausescu, President of the State Council (1967-1989)
- Premier - Constantin Dascalescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1982-1989)
San Marino -
- Captains-General -
  1. Rossano Zafferani and Gian Franco Terenzi , Captains-General of San Marino (1987-1988)
  2. Umberto Barulli and Rosolino Martelli , Captains-General of San Marino (1988)
  3. Luciano Cardelli and Reves Salvatori , Captains-General of San Marino (1988-1989)
Spain
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-present)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government (1982-1996)
Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
- Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986-1991)
Switzerland -
- Swiss Federal Council - Otto Stich, Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Elisabeth Kopp, Arnold Koller, Flavio Cotti, René Felber, Adolf Ogi; members of the Swiss Federal Council.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
- Communist Party Leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)
- Head of State -
  1. Andrei Gromyko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985-1988)
  2. Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1988-1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet 1989-1990, President 1990-1991)
- Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1991)
United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
- Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)
Vatican City - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign (1978-2005)
Yugoslavia -
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Bosko Krunic , President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1987-1988)
  2. Stipe Suvar , President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1988-1989)
- Head of State -
  1. Lazar Mojsov, President of the Collective Presidency (1987-1988)
  2. Raif Dizdarevic , President of the Collective Presidency (1988-1989)
- Premier - Branko Mikulic , President of the Federal Executive Council (1986-1989)
Vatican City
- Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-2005)
- Secretary of State - Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979-1990)

Middle East

Bahrain -
- Monarch - Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1971-1999, Ruler 1961-1971)
- Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1971-present)
Egypt -
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-present)
- Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, , Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)
Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1980-1989)
- President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981-1989)
- Prime Minister - Mir Hossein Moussavi , Prime Minister of Iran (1981-1989)
Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979-1991)
Israel -
- President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)
- Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986-1992)
Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
- Prime Minister - Zaid ar-Rifai , Prime Minister of Jordan (1985-1989)
Kuwait -
- Monarch - Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-present)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
Lebanon -
- President -
  1. Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982-1988)
  2. Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss , Acting President of Lebanon (1988-1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1987-1990)
  2. Michel Aoun, Chairman of Military Cabinet (1988-1990, in opposition to al-Hoss)
Oman -
- Monarch - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Oman (1970-present)
- Prime Minister - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Prime Minister of Oman (1972-present)
Qatar -
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani , Emir of Qatar (1972-1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani , Prime Minister of Qatar (1970-1995)
Saudi Arabia -
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)
Syria -
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)
Turkey -
- President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1980-1989)
- Prime Minister - Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)
United Arab Emirates -
- President - Sheikh Zaid ibn Sultan Al Nahayan , President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-present)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Maktum , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979-1990)
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
- President - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1986-1990)
- Prime Minister - Yasin Said Numan, Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1986-1990)
Yemen Arab Republic
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978-1990)
- Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1983-1990)

North America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-1993)
- Prime Minister - Vere Cornwall Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-1994)
Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Gerald Cash , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979-1988)
  2. Sir Henry Milton Taylor , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988-1992)
- Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967-1992)
Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Hugh Springer , Governor-General of Barbados (1984-1990)
- Prime Minister - Erskine Sandiford , Prime Minister of Barbados (1987-1994)
Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981-present)
- Governor-General - Dame Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981-1993)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984-1989)
Canada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor-General of Canada (1984-1990)
- Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)
Costa Rica - Óscar Arias Sánchez, President of Costa Rica (1986-1990)
Cuba -
- Head of State - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976-present)
- Head of Government - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Minister of Cuba (1976-present, Premier 1959-1976)
Dominica -
- President - Sir Clarence Augustus Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983-1993)
- Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980-1995)
Dominican Republic - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986-1996)
El Salvador - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984-1989)
Grenada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978-1992)
- Prime Minister - Herbert Blaize, Prime Minister of Grenada (1984-1989)
Guatemala - Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1986-1991)
Haiti -
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister - Martial Célestin , Prime Minister of Haiti (9 February - 20 June 1988)
Honduras - José Aczona Hoyo , President of Honduras (1986-1990)
Jamaica -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole , Governor-General of Jamaica (1973-1991)
- Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980-1989)
Mexico -
1. Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, President of Mexico (1982-1988)
2. Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988-1994)
Nicaragua - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (1985-1990)
Panama - President -
1. Eric Arturo Delvalle , President of Panama (1985-1988)
2. Manuel Solís Palma , President of Panama (1988-1989)
Saint Kitts and Nevis -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-1995)
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995-present)
Saint Lucia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Vincent Floissac , Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1987-1988)
  2. Stanislaus James , Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988-1992, Governor-General 1992-1996)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982-1996)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985-1988)
  2. Henry Harvey Williams , Acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1988-1989)
- Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)
- Prime Minister - A.N.R. Robinson, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1991)
United States of America - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981-1989)

South America

Argentina - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983-1989)
Bolivia - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985-1989)
Brazil - José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985-1990)
Chile - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1974-1990)
Colombia - Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986-1990)
Ecuador -
1. León Febres Cordero Rivadeneira , President of Ecuador (1984-1988)
2. Rodrigo Borja Cevallos , President of Ecuador (1988-1992)
Guyana -
- President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hamilton Green , Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)
Paraguay - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)
Peru - Alan García Pérez, President of Peru (1985-1990)
Suriname -
- President -
  1. L.F. Ramdat Misier , Acting President of Suriname (1982-1988)
  2. Ramsewak Shankar , President of Suriname (1988-1990)
- Head of Government -
  1. Jules Wijdenbosch, Prime Minister of Suriname (1987-1988)
  2. Henck Arron, Vice President of Suriname (1988-1990)
Uruguay - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1985-1990)
Venezuela - Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984-1989)

Science Fair Project Encyclopedia Contents Page

10-26-2009 08:16:03
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Start by looking for your science kit review or science toy review. Compare prices but remember, Price $ is not everything. Quality does matter.

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