Jean Louis Barthou (August 25, 1862 – October 9, 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic. He was Prime Minister of the country in 1913. Barthou was an authority on Trade Union history and law.

He was serving as Foreign Minister when he was assassinated in Marseilles in 1934 along with King Alexander of Yugoslavia. He was the primary figure behind the Franco-Soviet Mutual Assistance Pact, which was signed by his successor, Pierre Laval.

Barthou's Ministry, 22 March - 9 December 1913

• Louis Barthou - President of the Council and Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
• Stéphen Pichon - Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Eugène Étienne - Minister of War
• Louis Lucien Klotz - Minister of the Interior
• Charles Dumont - Minister of Finance
• Henry Chéron - Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
• Antony Ratier - Minister of Justice
• Pierre Baudin - Minister of Marine
• Étienne Clémentel - Minister of Agriculture
• Jean Morel - Minister of Colonies
• Joseph Thierry - Minister of Public Works
• Alfred Massé - Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Ferdinand Sarrien | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of the Interior
1896–1898 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Henri Brisson

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Aristide Briand | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of Justice
1909–1910 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Théodore Girard

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Aristide Briand | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of Justice
1913 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Antony Ratier

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Aristide Briand | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |President of the Council
1913 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Gaston Doumergue

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Théodore Steeg | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of Public Instruction
1913 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
René Viviani

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
— | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of State
with Léon Bourgeois, Paul Doumer, Jean Dupuy
1917 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Léon Bourgeois, Paul Doumer, Jean Dupuy

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Alexandre Ribot | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of Foreign Affairs
1917 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Stéphen Pichon

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Flaminius Rabierti | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of War
1921–1922 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
André Maginot

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Laurent Bonnevay | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of Justice
1922 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Maurice Colrat

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Maurice Colrat | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of Justice
1926–1929 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Lucien Hubert

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
André Maginot | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of War
1930–1931 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
André Maginot

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Édouard Daladier | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Minister of Foreign Affairs
1934 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
Pierre Laval